Immunoglobulin Structure and Function

Question 1

what are two forms of antibodies

Answer 1

membrane bound

Secreted

Question 2

antibodies are found on the surface of what cell and function as what

Answer 2

B - cells

B-cell receptors

Question 3

Secrete antibodies bind what

Answer 3

antigens

Question 4

what are 3 functions of secreted antibodies

Answer 4

neutralize toxins
prevent entry and spread of pathogen
eliminate microbes

Question 5

Proteolytic cleavage of antibodies by papain creates what structures

Answer 5

Fc - determines function

Fab - determines recognition, 2 separate pieces

Question 6

what is labelling on Fab fragment

Answer 6

single antigenic binding region

Question 7

Proteolytic cleavage by pepsin creates what structures

Answer 7

F(ab’)2

pFc’ (one piece)

Question 8

what makes antibodies flexable

Answer 8

hinge region

Question 9

what is the role of the constant region of the antibody

Answer 9

imparts function of antibody to molecule

Question 10

is there genetic variation in constant region

Answer 10

little

Question 11

affinity

Answer 11

strength of binding b/w single Ab arm and Ag epitope

Question 12

affinity is expressed how

Answer 12

dissociation constant (Kd)

Question 13

avidity

Answer 13

overall strength of attachment of Ab and antigen

Question 14

Immunoglobin molecule consists of what

Answer 14

2 identical heavy chains

2 identical light chains

Question 15

Domain

Answer 15

in both H and L

110 amino acid residues

Question 16

Light chain consists of what two domains

Answer 16

constant (C) domain

variable (V) domain

Question 17

What region is located on the variable domain of the light chain

Answer 17

complementarity determining regions (CDR)

hypervariable region

Question 18

What domains does Heavy chain have

Answer 18

variable domain

several constant domains

Question 19

within the variable domain the heavy chain has what

Answer 19

3 CDRs or hypervariable regions

Question 20

antigen binding occurs with what domains

Answer 20

Variable heavy

variable light

Question 21

how do the CDR regions of antibody form antigen combining site

Answer 21

folding of Heavy and Light chains

Question 22

Where is hinge region found

Answer 22

Heavy chain

Question 23

isotypes

Answer 23

5 types of immunoglobulins (antibody) based off of Heavy chain constant regoin

Question 24

what are the 2 types of Light chains based on their constant region

Answer 24

kappa

lambda

Question 25

Is there a difference in function for kappa and lambda

Answer 25

no

Question 26

within a single immnoglobulin molecule how many types of light chains are present

Answer 26

one | either 2 kappa or 2 lambda

Question 27

do the isotopes have different chemical properties like molecular weight and half life?

Answer 27

yes

Question 28

what are 4 functions of isotypes

Answer 28

receptor neutralize/block activity Ag-Ab complex recognition via Fc receptors serum complement activation

Question 29

agglutination of isotypes

Answer 29

process of neutralization can occur in solution or on surface of cell

Question 30

the process of agglutination does what to the cell

Answer 30

phagocytized or removed from circulation

Question 31

opsonization of isotypes?

Answer 31

coating surface with antibody

Question 32

the classical pathway for complement uses what for starting point

Answer 32

antibody

Question 33

phagocytosis or removal of antibody bound material happens through what

Answer 33

receptor mediated event on the phagocyte (FcR)

Question 34

special function of IgA

Answer 34

cross mucosal epithelial membrane via Poly Ig receptor

Question 35

special function of IgE

Answer 35

coat mast cells allowing release of their granules upon allergen binding

Question 36

special function of IgG

Answer 36

sensitize NK cells and eosinophils via FCR

Question 37

which immunoglobin has the highest concentration of serum of normal individuals

Answer 37

IgG

Question 38

what are the polymeric antibodies

Answer 38

IgM | IgA

Question 39

how are polymeric antibodies stablized

Answer 39

J chain

Question 40

in antibody maturation, IgM changes to

Answer 40

IgG

Question 41

In order for IgM to change to IgG what must happen in recognition of antigen

Answer 41

recognition of same antigen from primary to secondary response

Question 42

what defines an isotype

Answer 42

epitopes on constant region | no variation by member of same species

Question 43

Allotype defined by

Answer 43

epitopes on constant region | show variation by members of same species

Question 44

idiotype

Answer 44

epitopes on variable region | show variation within same individual

Question 45

xeogeneic

Answer 45

non human

Question 46

chimeric

Answer 46

66% human

Question 47

humanized

Answer 47

90-95% human

Question 48

fully humanized

Answer 48

human