Dose Respsonse

Question 1

dose

Answer 1

amount of drug administered

Question 2

response

Answer 2

change in biological activity

Question 3

dose-response relationship

Answer 3

relationship between the amount of a drug administered and the observed change in biological function

Question 4

what can happen to the drug before the minimum concentration is needed at site of action to produce a discernible effect

Answer 4

absorption
biotransformation
excreting
could be produg

Question 5

occupation theory

Answer 5

magnitude of a response is proportional to the number of receptors occupied by a drug

Question 6

response theory

Answer 6

rate of formation of the D-R complex determines magnitude of response

Question 7

name 3 types of dose-response curves

Answer 7

linear
logarithmic
double reciprocal

Question 8

affinity

Answer 8

reflects binding ability of a drug to a receptor

Question 9

intrinsic activity

Answer 9

ability of drug to induce biological response

Question 10

efficacy

Answer 10

maximal effect produced by a drug

Question 11

potency

Answer 11

determined by the dose needed to produce a particular effect of given intensity

Question 12

agonist

Answer 12

drug which possesses affinity and intrinsic activity

Question 13

partial agonist

Answer 13

agonist with lower efficacy than a full agonist

Question 14

antagonist

Answer 14

drug which possesses affinity but little or no intrinsic activity

Question 15

specificity

Answer 15

ability of a drug to exert its effect through single mechanism of action

Question 16

selectivity

Answer 16

ability of a drug to induce one effect of preference to another effect

Question 17

for competitive antogonist- logarithmic curve, what do the lines look like? is efficiency lost?

Answer 17

parallel and shifted

no

Question 18

in noncompetitive antagonists - logarithmic curve is efficiency lost

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

for normal distribution curve for % responding vs drug, people in the left corner are what?
right corner

Answer 19

more sensitive to drug

right corner: resistant patients

Question 20

median effective dose (ED50)

Answer 20

dose required to produce specific therapeutic effect in 50% of test subjects

Question 21

median lethal dose (LD50)

Answer 21

dose required to produce death in 50% of test subjects

Question 22

median toxic dose (TD50)

Answer 22

dose required to produce a toxic effect in 50% of test subjects

Question 23

therapeutic ratio or index

Answer 23

LD50 / ED50

Question 24

by looking at therapeutic ratio, what makes drug safter

Answer 24

larger ratio

Question 25

what do curves look like if therapeutic ratio is less than 1

Answer 25

overlap

Question 26

what do curves look like if therapeutic ratio is > 1

Answer 26

little or no overlap

Question 27

equation for standard safety margin

Answer 27

LD1-ED99 / (ED99) * 100%

Question 28

what does a positive percent of standard safety margin mean

Answer 28

no overlap

Question 29

tolerance

Answer 29

decrease in efficacy with repeated drug administration

Question 30

tachyphaylaxis

Answer 30

acute form of tolerance due to rapid, repeated administration of a drug

Question 31

resistance

Answer 31

decrease or complete lack of responsiveness to drugs that normally inhibit growth or cause cell death

Question 32

additive effects

Answer 32

combination of two drugs induces an effect equal to the sum of the effects of 2 drugs when administered individually

Question 33

synergism

Answer 33

combination of 2 drugs induces an effect which is greater than the sum of the effects 2 drugs when administered individually

Question 34

potentiation

Answer 34

administration of drug with little or no efficacy enhances the biological response induced by an agonist. -parallel shift to the left of the dose-response curve for agonist