Dysmenorrheia Flashcards
Definitiion of Dysmenorrheia
Dysmenorrhea refers to painful menstrual cramps that occur just before or during menstruation. It is a common gynecological condition affecting women of reproductive age.
Causes of Dysmenorrheia
Primary Dysmenorrhea: This is the most common type and occurs without any underlying structural abnormality. It is thought to be caused by the release of prostaglandins, hormone-like substances that promote uterine contractions and inflammation.
Secondary Dysmenorrhea: This type is caused by an underlying condition, such as:
Endometriosis
Adenomyosis
Uterine fibroids
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Ovarian cysts
Cervical stenosis
Diagnosis of Dysmenorrheia
The diagnosis of dysmenorrhea is usually made based on a thorough medical history and physical examination.
Additional tests may be performed if secondary dysmenorrhea is suspected, such as ultrasound, laparoscopy, or other imaging studies to evaluate the pelvic organs.
Symptoms of Dysmenorrheia
Lower abdominal pain or pelvic pain
Back pain
Nausea or vomiting
Diarrhea or constipation
Headaches or migraines
Fatigue
Mood changes
Treatment of Dysmenorrheia
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Medications like ibuprofen or naproxen sodium can help relieve pain and reduce inflammation.
Hormonal contraceptives: Oral contraceptives, hormonal patches, or hormonal intrauterine devices (IUDs) may be prescribed to regulate hormone levels and reduce menstrual pain.
Heat therapy: Applying heat to the lower abdomen can help alleviate pain and cramping.
Exercise and relaxation techniques: Engaging in regular physical activity and practicing relaxation techniques may help reduce symptoms.
Surgery: In cases of severe secondary dysmenorrhea caused by conditions like endometriosis or fibroids, surgery may be recommended to address the underlying issue.
Complications of Dysmenorrheia
Dysmenorrhea itself is not usually associated with serious complications. However, the pain and discomfort may significantly impact a person’s quality of life, causing missed work or school days, decreased productivity, and emotional distress.
