PCOS Flashcards
Definition of PCOS
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age.
It is characterized by a combination of symptoms related to hormonal imbalances, irregular menstrual cycles, and the presence of multiple cysts on the ovaries.
Affects 6-10%
Causes of PCOS
Combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Insulin resistance
Elevated levels of androgens
Abnormal production of hormones by the ovaries
Symptoms of PCOS
Irregular menstrual cycles or absence of periods
Excessive hair growth (hirsutism) on the face, chest, or other parts of the body
Acne or oily skin
Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
Darkening of the skin in certain areas (acanthosis nigricans)
Thinning hair or hair loss
Mood swings or depression
Diagnosis of PCOS
-Rotterdam criteria :
■ a. Oligoovulation or anovulation usually marked by irregular menstrualcycles
■ b. Biochemical or clinical evidence of hyperandrogenism (Hirsuitism, acne)
■ c. Polycystic-appearing ovaries on ultrasound ring of pearls
appearance
-LH:FSH ratio= 3:1
Treatment of PCOS
Lifestyle changes: This includes adopting a healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight management to improve insulin sensitivity.
Medications: Hormonal contraceptives (birth control pills), anti-androgen medications, and insulin-sensitizing drugs -manage insulin resistance (Metformin) may be prescribed to regulate menstrual cycles, reduce androgen levels.
Fertility treatment: For women trying to conceive, fertility medications or assisted reproductive techniques may be recommended. (Clomiphene Citrate)
Management of specific symptoms: Additional treatments may be prescribed to address specific symptoms, such as acne medications or hair removal techniques.
Complications of PCOS
Infertility or difficulty getting pregnant (Give clomiphene citrate)
Gestational diabetes/Type 2 diabetes( Give Metformin)
Pregnancy-induced high blood pressure (Give Nifedipine)
Sleep apnea
Endometrial cancer (due to prolonged exposure to estrogen without ovulation)
