Guillain Barre

Question 1

Definition of Guillain Barre

Answer 1

Autoimmune response that damages the peripheral nerves. It typically begins with weakness and tingling in the legs and can progress to affect the arms and upper body. In severe cases, GBS can lead to muscle weakness or paralysis and can be life-threatening.

Question 2

Causes of Guillain Barre

Answer 2

Often preceded by a viral or bacterial infection.
Common triggers include respiratory or gastrointestinal infections, such as the flu, pneumonia, or Campylobacter jejuni bacterial infection.
The immune response triggered by these infections leads to an abnormal attack on the peripheral nerves.

Question 3

Symptoms of Guillain Barre

Answer 3

BeginS with weakness and tingling in the legs and may spread to the arms and upper body.
Muscle weakness, difficulty walking, coordination problems, numbness or loss of sensation, pain, difficulty with facial movements, difficulty breathing, and problems with heart rate or blood pressure.

Question 4

Diagnosis of Guillain Barre

Answer 4

Neurological examination to assess muscle strength and reflexes
Nerve conduction studies, electromyography (EMG), lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to analyze cerebrospinal fluid, and blood tests to rule out other possible causes.

Question 5

Treatment of Guillain Barre

Answer 5

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to reduce the immune response and decrease inflammation.

Plasmapheresis to remove harmful antibodies.

Rehabilitation exercises to maintain muscle strength, improve mobility, and prevent complications like muscle atrophy and joint contractures.

Pain management

Respiratory support: In severe cases mechanical ventilation may be necessary to ensure adequate oxygen supply.