Ear anatomy and physiology

Question 1

What bone contains everything to do with the ear?

Answer 1

Temporal

Question 2

What are the three anatomical divisions of the ear?

Answer 2

External
Middle
Internal

Question 3

What functions does the ear play?

Answer 3

Hearing and balance

Question 4

Where are the temporal bones found?

Answer 4

Lateral side of head

Inferior to parietal bone and posterior to sphenoid bone

Question 5

Name four important lateral parts of the temporal bone

Answer 5

Styloid process
External auditory meatus
Mastoid process
Zygomatic process

Question 6

What links the temporal bone with the zygomatic bone?

Answer 6

Zygomatic process of temporal bone and temporal process of zygomatic bone

Question 7

Name three important parts on the inferior temporal bone

Answer 7

Mandibular fossa
Stylomastoid foramen
Extracranial opening into carotid canal

Question 8

Name an important opening in the internal part of the temporal bone

Answer 8

Internal acoustic meatus

Question 9

What passes through the stylomastoid foramen?

Answer 9

CNVII

Question 10

Where does CNVII pass?

Answer 10

Stylomastoid foramen

Question 11

What foramen is found between the temporal and occipital bones?

Answer 11

Jugular foramen

Question 12

What passes through the internal acoustic meatus?

Answer 12

CNVII
CNVIII
Labyrinthine artery and vein

Question 13

What does CNVII (facial) do?

Answer 13

Motor to face and stapedius
Ant 2/3 of taste
Secretory to lacrimal and salivary glands
General sensation to external ear

Question 14

What does CNVIII (vestibulococlear) do?

Answer 14

Special sense from ear

Question 15

Where does the labyrinthine artery arise from?

Answer 15

Circle of Willis

Question 16

What is the job of the external ear?

Answer 16

To collect sound

Question 17

What is the job of the middle ear?

Answer 17

To amplify sound

Question 18

What if is the job of the inner ear?

Answer 18

To create sensory signals

Question 19

What nerves supply sensory to the majority of the pinna?

Answer 19

Spinal nerves C2+3

Question 20

What cranial nerves supply sensory to the external ear?

Answer 20

V3. VII and X

Question 21

Where in the external ear does V3 supply?

Answer 21

Most of superior around tragus and head.

Superior EAM and most of tympanic membrane

Question 22

Where in the external ear does VII supply?

Answer 22

A smattering in concha

Question 23

Where in the external ear does X supply?

Answer 23

Concha

Inferior EAM and part of tympanic membrane

Question 24

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the external ear

Answer 24

Superior lateral- parotid
Superior cranial- Mastoid
Rest- superficial cervical

Question 25

Where do all the lymph nodes of the head eventually drain?

Answer 25

Deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 26

What are the four important parts of the tympanic membrane?

Answer 26

Pars flaccida- Thinnest part and most superior Pars tensa- Most of it and inferior Cone of light- Anterior Umbo- Part of malleus and slopes posterior

Question 27

How can you tell the orientation of an ear from the tympanic membrane?

Answer 27

Umbo slopes backwards and cone of light anterior.

Question 28

Which nerve supplies sense to the middle ear and eustachian tubes?

Answer 28

CNIX (glossopharyngeal)

Question 29

What are the three bones of the middle ear?

Answer 29

Malleus Incus Stapes

Question 30

What two muscles are found in the middle ear?

Answer 30

Tensor tympani | Stapedius

Question 31

What kind of joint links the ossicles?

Answer 31

Synovial

Question 32

What is the superior part of the middle ear called?

Answer 32

Epitympanic recess

Question 33

What links the inner ear with the nasal cavity?

Answer 33

Eustation tubes

Question 34

What links the middle ear with the inner ear?

Answer 34

Oval and round windows

Question 35

What two nerves pass through the middle ear?

Answer 35

CNVII | Chorda tympani

Question 36

What is the chorda tympani a branch of?

Answer 36

CNVII

Question 37

is CNVII or the chorda tympani more lateral?

Answer 37

Chorda tympani

Question 38

Describe the route of CNVII

Answer 38

Exit cranium via eternal acoustic meatus Enter then leave middle ear in facial canal of middle ear Leaves temporal bone vie stylomastoid foramen

Question 39

Where does the Eustachian tube enter the pharynx?

Answer 39

Nasopharynx inferior to adenoids

Question 40

What nerve supplies the naso/oropharynx, Eustachian tubes and middle ear?

Answer 40

CNIX (glossopharyngeal)

Question 41

What does the stapedius muscle do?

Answer 41

Reduces movement to protect inner ear from loud noises

Question 42

What does the chorda tympani do?

Answer 42

Ant 2/3 taste | Submandibular and lingual salivary glands

Question 43

What are the muscles of facial expression (4 of them)?

Answer 43

Frontalis Orbicularis oculi Elevator of lips orbicularis oris

Question 44

How do you test the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 44

Frontalis- Frown Orbicularis oculi- Close eyes tight Elevator of lips- Smile orbicularis oris- Maintain puffed out cheeks

Question 45

What bony structure contains the inner ear?

Answer 45

Otic capsule

Question 46

What fluid is found in the otic capsule?

Answer 46

Perilymph

Question 47

What floats in the perilymph?

Answer 47

Membranous labyrinth

Question 48

What is contained in the Membranous labyrinth?

Answer 48

Endolymph

Question 49

Which is more superior the round or oval window?

Answer 49

Oval

Question 50

What three parts are there to the labyrinths?

Answer 50

Cochlear ducts Semicircular ducts Utricles and saccules

Question 51

What parts make up the vestibular system?

Answer 51

Semicircular ducts | Utricles and saccules

Question 52

What do Utricles and saccules do?

Answer 52

sense lineal movement

Question 53

What do semicircular ducts do?

Answer 53

Sense angular movement

Question 54

What is found at the entrance to all semicircular canals?

Answer 54

Ampula

Question 55

How many semicircular canals do we have?

Answer 55

3 each side

Question 56

What are the three compartments of the cochlear apparatus?

Answer 56

Scala media Scala vestibuli Scala tympani

Question 57

Where is perilymph found?

Answer 57

Scala vestibuli and tympani

Question 58

Where is endolymph found?

Answer 58

Scala media

Question 59

What is found in the scala media?

Answer 59

Basilar membrane

Question 60

Where does the vestibulocochlear (CNVIII) enter the skull?

Answer 60

Internal acoustic meatus

Question 61

Where does CNVIII join the brain stem?

Answer 61

Pontomedullary junction

Question 62

How does the ear sense sound?

Answer 62

vibrations pass through the oval window into the scala vestibuli. Pass along here vibrating the basilar membrane activating the organ of Corti. Different parts of the BM detect different frequencies etc Vibration passes out via round window.

Question 63

What are the three semicircular canals called?

Answer 63

Horizontal- Flat. Apex lateral Superior- Going up. Apex superior Posterior- Going back. Apex posterior

Question 64

Where are hair cells in the semicircular canals found?

Answer 64

Ampula

Question 65

What provides a reference for the stereocilia/hair cells in the ampulla?

Answer 65

Kinocilium

Question 66

How do the saccules and utricles sense linear movement?

Answer 66

Otolith crystals bend the cilia causing depolarisation.

Question 67

What cell type lines the external auditory canal?

Answer 67

Stratified epithelium- skin

Question 68

What special glands are found in the skin of the ear?

Answer 68

Sebaceous and ceruminous- produce earwax

Question 69

What cell type is found in the middle ear?

Answer 69

Columnar lines mucosa