Nasal anatomy and physiology

Question 1

What are the functions of the nasal cavity?

Answer 1

Filter, humidify and warm air

Sense of smell

Question 2

What are the 7 parts of the external nose?

Answer 2

Root
Dorsum
Tip
Ala
Nostril
Septum
Philtrum (between upper lip and nose)

Question 3

What bones are associated with the nose?

Answer 3

Maxilla
Nasal bones
Ethmoid bone
Vomer bone
Inferior nasal concha

Question 4

In which bone is the cribriform plate found?

Answer 4

Ethmoid

Question 5

What parts of the nasal cavity does the ethmoid bone form?

Answer 5

Roof, septum and lateral walls

Question 6

What bones form the roof of the nasal cavity?

Answer 6

Ethmoid, frontal and nasal

Question 7

What bones for the lateral borders of the nasal canal?

Answer 7

Ethmoid, maxilla, palatine bone and inferior nasal concha.

Question 8

What bones form the floor of the nasal cavity?

Answer 8

Maxilla and palatine bones

Question 9

What bones form the medial borders of the nasal cavity?

Answer 9

Vomer and ethmoid

Question 10

Where does a Le Fort I fracture run?

Answer 10

Base of nose along maxilla

Question 11

Where does a Le Fort II fracture run?

Answer 11

Root of nose down to mandible

Question 12

Where does a Le Fort III fracture run?

Answer 12

Root of nose through eye sockets

Question 13

What three types of epithelium are found in the nasal cavity?

Answer 13

Stratified squamous (in vestibule as it is skin)
Respiratory (in most of the rest)
Olfactory (in posterior roof and superior concha)

Question 14

Where is stratified squamous epithelium found in the nose?

Answer 14

In the vestibules

Question 15

Where is respiratory epithelium found in the nose?

Answer 15

In most of the cavity

Question 16

Where is olfactory epithelium found in the nose?

Answer 16

In the superior posterior part/superior concha

Question 17

What is the somatic innervation of the nasal cavity?

Answer 17

V1/ophthalmic- tip of nose to sphenoid sinus

V2/maxillary- everything under that

Question 18

What is epistaxis?

Answer 18

Nose bleed

Question 19

What are the major arteries of the nose?

Answer 19

Anterior ethmoid artery
Posterior ethmoid artery
Lateral nasal artery
Greater palatine artery
Sphenopalatine artery

Question 20

What is Kiesselbach’s area?

Answer 20

An area of anastomosis on the septum where nose bleeds (epistaxis) comes from.

Question 21

How many conchae are there in the nose?

Answer 21

3:
Superior
Middle
Inferior

Question 22

What bone forms the basis for the superior and middle conchae?

Answer 22

Ethmoid

Question 23

What bone forms the basis for the inferior concha?

Answer 23

Inferior nasal concha

Question 24

What is a turbula?

Answer 24

A concha with its mucosal covering

Question 25

What is found above the superior concha?

Answer 25

Sphenoethmoid recess

Question 26

What separates the superior concha from the middle?

Answer 26

Superior meatus

Question 27

What separates the middle concha from the inferior?

Answer 27

Middle meatus

Question 28

What is found below the inferior concha?

Answer 28

Inferior meatus

Question 29

What kind of airflow occurs through the nostrils?

Answer 29

Turbulent

Question 30

What additional air spaces are linked to the nasal cavity?

Answer 30

Sinuses

Question 31

How many pairs of sinuses do we have?

Answer 31

``` 4: Frontal Maxillary Ethmoid Sphenoid ```

Question 32

What lines sinuses?

Answer 32

Respiratory epithelium

Question 33

What happens when a sinus gets clogged?

Answer 33

Sinusitis

Question 34

Where do the sphenoid sinuses drain?

Answer 34

Sphenoethmoid recess

Question 35

Where do the frontal sinuses drain?

Answer 35

Middle meatus

Question 36

Where do the ethmoid air cells drain?

Answer 36

Superior and middle meatus | Ethmoid bulla

Question 37

Where do the maxillary sinuses drain?

Answer 37

Middle meatus

Question 38

What drains into the sphenoethmoid recess?

Answer 38

Sphenoid sinus

Question 39

What drains into the superior meatus?

Answer 39

ethmoid air cells

Question 40

What drains into the middle meatus?

Answer 40

Frontal sinuses Maxillary sinuses Ethmoid air cells

Question 41

What drains into the ethmoid bulla?

Answer 41

Ethmoid air cells

Question 42

Where is the semilunar hiatus found?

Answer 42

On the inferior concha under the middle meatus

Question 43

Where is the ethmoid bulla found?

Answer 43

On the inferior concha between the semilunar hiatus and middle meatus.

Question 44

What drains into the inferior meatus?

Answer 44

Nasolacrimal ducts.

Question 45

Where can a connection between a sinus and tooth occur?

Answer 45

Maxillary sinus