Economic Developments To 1914

Question 1

What percent of the population was invoked in the rural economy

Answer 1

80-90%

Question 2

What happened to average holdings

Answer 2

Fell from 35 acres in 1877 to 28 acres in 1905

Question 3

How much more grain were British farms producing on the equivalent amount of land

Answer 3

4 times the amount of grain

Question 4

Which peasants had improved their positions

Answer 4

Kulaks

Question 5

Stolypin’s land reforms - 1903

Answer 5

Mir no longer responsible for taxes of all peasants in the village

Question 6

Stolypin’s land reforms - 1906 September

Answer 6

More state and crown land available to buy

Subsidises migration to fertile land in Siberia

Question 7

Stolypin’s land reforms - 1906 October

Answer 7

Equal right for peasants in local administration

Question 8

Stolypin’s land reforms - 1906 November

Answer 8

Peasants can leave the commune (Mir)
Land owned by oldest male not the whole family
Peasants can remove their land from collective Mir farming
New peasants land bank created

Question 9

Stolypin’s land reforms - 1907 January

Answer 9

Redemption payments abolished

Question 10

Stolypin’s land reforms - 1910 June

Answer 10

Any commune (Mir) that had not redistributed land since 1861 was dissolved

Question 11

How many years did Stolypin say he needed

Answer 11

20

Question 12

What happened 8 years after the start of Stolypin’s land reforms

Answer 12

WWI

Question 13

How many peasants migrated to Siberia in Stolypin’s scheme by 1915

Answer 13

3.5 million

Question 14

What did Siberia become by 1915

Answer 14

A major producer of cereals and dairy products

Question 15

What was land owned by peasants in 1905 compared to 1915

Answer 15

1905 - 20%
1915 - nearly 50%

Question 16

What was grain production in 1900 compared to 1914

Answer 16

1900 - 56 million tons
1914 - 90 million tons

Question 17

When did Russia become a leading exporter of cereals

Answer 17

1909

Question 18

What percentage of peasant land was still in strip farms

Answer 18

90%

Question 19

How many land consolidation applications been made and how many processed by 1913

Answer 19

5 million applications

Only 1.3 million had been processed

Question 20

What percentage of land had moved from communal to private ownership by 1914

Answer 20

Only 10%

Question 21

What percentage of the peasantry became kulaks

Answer 21

Less than 1%

Question 22

What remained unchanged after Stolypin’s land reforms

Answer 22

Peasants attitudes - limited ambition and just wanted to survive

Question 23

What happened to coal produced between 1890 and 1910

Answer 23

1890 - 5.9 million tons
1910 - 25.4 million tons

Question 24

What happened to pig iron production between 1890 and 1910

Answer 24

3x

Question 25

What happened to crude oil between 1890 and 1910

Answer 25

3x

Question 26

In 1914 Russia was the 5th biggest what

Answer 26

Industrial producer in the world

Question 27

Many much foreign investment did Russia receive in 1914

Answer 27

2000 million roubles

Question 28

Who owned most of heavy industry

Answer 28

State owned

Question 29

How was a lot of heavy industry funded

Answer 29

Foreign investment

Question 30

Which region produced the most coal

Answer 30

The Donbas region

Question 31

Which city produced a lot of oil

Answer 31

Baku

Question 32

Which city became a rail hub

Answer 32

Moscow

Question 33

Where was Putilov Iron Works located

Answer 33

St Petersburg

Question 34

What did Russia’s heavy industry start from

Answer 34

A very low base

Question 35

What percentage of the railway was state owned

Answer 35

66%

Question 36

The building of what stimulated heavy industry

Answer 36

Railways

Question 37

In 1913 Russia’s railway was? How many times smaller than that of the US?

Answer 37

The second largest in the world 8x smaller

Question 38

Which railway was seen as a great achievement

Answer 38

The Trans-Siberian Railway

Question 39

How much had national income grown from 1894 to 1913? What was it in Britain and Italy?

Answer 39

Russia - 50% Britain - 70% Italy - 121%

Question 40

What was Russia’s foreign trade valued at in 1913? What was Britain and Germany’s?

Answer 40

Russia - £190 million Britain - £1,223 million Germany - £1030 million

Question 41

How much did the population grow between 1897-1913

Answer 41

Almost 30 million

Question 42

Why was modernisation limited

Answer 42

Only certain areas