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AQA A Level: Tsarist And Communist Russia, 1855-1964 > Nicholas II Government 1905-1917 > Flashcards

Nicholas II Government 1905-1917 Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Who wrote the October manifesto

A

Witte

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2
Q

When was the October Manifesto published

A

30th October 1905

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3
Q

What freedoms did the October manifesto grant

A

Speech
Religion
Assembly and organisation

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4
Q

What did the October Manifesto propose the formation of

A

An elected National Assembly ‘Duma’

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5
Q

What powers would the Duma have

A

Power to approve or reject proposed legislation

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6
Q

Which group were prepared to negotiate with Nicholas? Why

A

The liberals

Uneasy about violent rebellion
Didn’t want to be too close the the SRs and Marxists (seen as extreme)

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7
Q

What did the Tsar promise to cancel in November? Who did this please

A

Redemption payments

Peasants

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8
Q

Why did the cancellation of the redemption payments make the peasants like the Tsar

A

Instinctively still loyal to the Tsar
Improvement in their personal finances
Most hated their local landowner

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9
Q

Which groups were not happy with the October Manifesto

A

SRs and Marxists (Bolsheviks and Mensheviks)

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10
Q

How did Trotsky describe the October Manifesto

A

A ‘whip wrapped in the parchment of a constitution’

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11
Q

What ended in August? Why was this useful?

A

Russo-Japanese war

Troops could be used to repress the revolutionary groups

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12
Q

In November members of what two organisations were arrested

A

Members of the St Petersburg Soviet

Leaders of the Union of Peasants

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13
Q

Which political party formed in October 1905? What was their political stance?

A

Union of the Russian People

Right wing nationalist Russians loyal to the Tsar

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14
Q

Which group did the Union of the Russian People use

A

The ‘Black Hundreds’

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15
Q

What did the Black Hundred do in December

A

In Odessa they murdered 500 Jews in a 3 pogrom

Also attacked striking workers, rebellious peasants and protesting students

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16
Q

In April 1906 what was passed

A

The Fundamental Laws

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17
Q

How did the Fundamental Laws strengthen the Tsar’s power

A

Tsar retained autocratic control and could veto any law proposed by his Council of Ministers

Council of Ministers were only answerable to the Tsar and not the Duma

Only Tsar could appoint ministers

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18
Q

What was Article 87

A

Gave the Tsar power to rule by decree in ‘exceptional circumstances’ when the Duma was not sitting

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19
Q

Who was sacked

A

Witte

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20
Q

Who was Witte replaced by

A

Ivan Goremykin

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21
Q

Who were the Octoberists

A

Wealthy moderate conservatives

Accepted the manifesto

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22
Q

Who were the Rightists

A

Union of the Russian People

Pro Tsar

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23
Q

Who were the Kadets

A

Liberal party - wanted civil rights, parliament, constitutional monarchy and some land redistribution

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24
Q

Who were the Trudoviks

A

Non revolutionary party - Liberal
Split from the SR

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25
Who were the Progressives
Favoured moderate reform Businessmen
26
Who were the SDs
Marxists split 1903 into Mensheviks and Bolsheviks
27
Who were the SRs
Populists
28
What was the 1st Duma called
Duma of national hope
29
Who had the most seats in the first Duma
Kadets 182 seats
30
Who had the second most seats in the first Duma
Trudoviks - 107 seats
31
What did the first Duma demand in their ‘Address to the throne’
Universal male suffrage Abolition of the death penalty Redistribution of land Giving up emergency powers
32
What did Nicholas say about the first Duma
‘Curse the Duma. It is all Witte’s doing’
33
How long did the first Duma last
May - June
34
What happened in response to the dissolution of the first Duma
The Vyborg Appeal
35
How many deputies did The Vyborg Appeal involve
200 Mostly Kadets
36
Where did deputies travel in The Vyborg Appeal
Vyborg in Finland
37
What did the deputies urge in The Vyborg Appeal
Russian people not to pay their taxes or preform military service
38
What happened after The Vyborg Appeal
Deputies arrested and banned them from next election Hurt the Kadets
39
Who was dismissed for failing to control the first Duma
Goremykim
40
Who was Goremykin replaced by
Pyotr Stolypin
41
What was the second Duma called
Duma of National Anger
42
How many seats did the SRs receive in the second Duma
37 seats
43
Which party lost half their seats in the second Duma
The Trudoviks
44
Which party was the second largest in the second Duma
The Kadets
45
Which right wing party had doubled their number of seats in the second Duma
The Octoberists
46
How did Stolypin justify his use of article 87 in the second Duma
Used reports of a plot to assassinate the Tsar by SDs
47
In the second Duma what did Stolypin use Article 87 to do? What is this referred to as?
Change the rules of voting in order to weigh it more towards the nobility and landowners Stolypin’s Coup
48
What reforms did Stolypin pass with Article 87
Agricultural reforms
49
What was the third Duma called
The Duma of Lords and Lackeys
50
How did Stolypin’s electoral reforms effect the third Duma
More right wing than the first two
51
How many seats did the Octobrists win in the third Duma
154
52
How many seats did the Rightists win in the third Duma
147
53
What reforms was Stolypin able to pass in the third Duma
Army and navy improvements Extending primary school Land Captains replaced by Justices of the Peace National health insurance scheme to pay sickness benefits to workers
54
Who felt Stolypin was reforming too much
The Octobrists
55
When was Stolypin assassinated
September 1911
56
What was the fourth Duma called
More Lords and Lackeys
57
Example of a massacre
Lena Goldfield Massacre
58
How many people were killed at the Lena Goldfield Massacre
Over 200
59
Why were people protesting at the Lena Goldfield Massacre
Bad conditions Low wages A 14 hour day
60
What did the Lena Goldfield Massacre inspire
More strike action and protest amongst workers

AQA A Level: Tsarist And Communist Russia, 1855-1964 (35 decks)

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