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AQA A Level: Tsarist And Communist Russia, 1855-1964 > Purges 1917-41 > Flashcards

Purges 1917-41 Flashcards

1
Q

What did Lenin create in 1917

A

The Cheka

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2
Q

What method became the rule in the red terror

A

Execution became the rule

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3
Q

How many died in the Red Terror officially and predicted

A

Officially - 13,000

Predicted - 300,000

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4
Q

Why was there increased repression in the red terror

A

Workers wanted elections, free press, the restoration of the Constituent Assembly and the overthrow of the Sovnarkom.

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5
Q

1918-21 - What were some left wing SRs protesting about

A

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

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6
Q

Who did the left wing SRs capture in May 1918

A

The head of the Cheka

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7
Q

Who did the left wing SRs shoot in July 1918

A

Shot German Ambassador

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8
Q

Who did the left wing SRs attempt to assassinate in August 1918

A

Lenin

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9
Q

Which parties gained popularity

A

SRs and Mensheviks - calls for a multi party democracy

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10
Q

What did the Cheka fan the flames of

A

Class warfare

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11
Q

What was the main goal of the terror

A

Frighten all social groups into cooperation with the regime

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12
Q

What percentage of the population of Moscow’s prisons were children in 1920

A

5%

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13
Q

When did Lenin abandon the Cheka

A

February 1922

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14
Q

What was the Cheka replaced with

A

The GPU

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15
Q

What were peasants resisting collectivisation labelled as

A

Kulaks

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16
Q

Who did terror motivate

A

Managers and workers

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17
Q

How did peasants resist collectivisation

A

Killed livestock and less grain was harvested

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18
Q

Which show trial took place in 1928

A

Shakhty show trial

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19
Q

How many were involved in the Shakhty show trial

A

53 engineers accused of ‘counter revolutionary activity’ due to drop in production

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20
Q

What was the result of the Shakhty show trial

A

5 executed
44 imprisoned

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21
Q

Which show trial took place in 1930

A

‘Industry Party’ Trial

22
Q

What happened at the ‘Industry Party’ Trial

A

Alleged that a well organised group with members in top industrial and planning posts were sabotaging the first 5 year plan

23
Q

Which show trial took place in 1931

A

Menshevik Trial

24
Q

By 1934 how many prisoners were in gulags

A

Over one million

25
Q

When is Kirov murdered

A

December 1934

26
Q

Who was arrested in January 1935

A

Zinoviev, Kamenev and 17 others

27
Q

In 1935 how many party members were arrested and explusioned from the party

A

11,000 arrested

250,000 expulsions

28
Q

What happened in August 1936

A

Show trial of Zinoviev, Kamenev and 14 others

29
Q

What happened in August 1936

A

Yagoda replaced by Yezhov as head of the NKVD

30
Q

Which show trial took place in 1937

A

Show trial of Piatakov, Radek and Sokolnikov

31
Q

Which show trial took place in 1938

A

Show trial of Bukharin, Rykov and Yagoda

32
Q

What did Yagoda think of show trials

A

Didn’t believe in them

Called them ‘nonsense’

33
Q

What nickname did Yezhov get

A

The ‘poisoned dwarf’ or the ‘bloody dwarf’

34
Q

What was the period 1936-38 called

A

The Yezhovshchina

35
Q

What did Yezhov say about killing innocent people

A

‘Better that ten innocent people should suffer than one spy get away’

36
Q

What did Yezhov do in July 1937

A

Drew up a list of 250,000 ‘anti-soviet elements’

37
Q

What system did Yezhov introduce

A

Quota system for arrests

38
Q

What percentage of people did Yezhov say needed to be shot

A

28%

39
Q

What happened to the army in 1937

A

Purge of the Red Army

40
Q

In the purge of the Red Army how many deputy Commissars for Defence were shot

A

All 11

41
Q

In the purge of the Red Army how many members of the Supreme Military Council were shot

A

75 out of 80

42
Q

In the purge of the Red Army how many Admirals were shot

A

All 8

43
Q

In the purge of the Red Army how many Marshals were shot

A

3 of the 5

44
Q

In the purge of the Red Army how many of the army commanders were shot or imprisoned

A

14 out of 16

45
Q

In the purge of the Red Army how many of the Army Officer Corps were shot or imprisoned

A

Half (35,000)

46
Q

In 1938 how much of the Communist party were expelled

A

1/5

47
Q

What percentage of the party membership in 1939 had joined the party before 1920

A

Less than 10%

48
Q

How many of the delegates had been arrested by 1939

A

1108 out of 1966 delegates

49
Q

What did Kalinin, the President of the USSR, never ask for

A

Never asked for the release of his wife who was imprisoned in a gulag between 1938 and 1945

50
Q

How many party members were there in 1935

A

2.5 million party members

51
Q

How many party members were there in 1939

A

1.5 million

AQA A Level: Tsarist And Communist Russia, 1855-1964 (35 decks)

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