EENT Flashcards
(110 cards)
how long should an eye be patched following corneal abrasion?
no longer than 24 hours. daily follow up on all abrasions
orbital floor is composed of …
maxillary, palatine, and zygomatic bones
why don’t you give patient’s topical anesthetic for corneal abrasion?
retards healing
what type of antibiotic ointment is used in corneal abrasion
gentamicin, sulfacetamide
how is a corneal ulcer described?
dense corneal infiltrate with overlying epithelial defect
all corneal ulcer go to the ….
ophthalmologist
patients with retinal detachment should be placed in what position?
supine, with head turned to the side of the detachment while emergency consult to ophtham is confirmed
will the intraocular pressure be affected with retinal detachment?
no
Leading cause of IRREVERSIBLE central visual loss
macular degeneration
gradual loss of central vision, drusen deposits are found in Bruch membrane, and neovascular degeneration is seen on exam. Name the disorder.
Macular degeneration
Tx macular degeneration
laser therapy, injections of monoclonal antibody and vitamins
ganglionic death leads to optic atrophy and pale retina, but the perifoveal atrophy is bright red
central retinal artery occlusion
Retinal artery occlusion is an emergency, what measures can be done, while waiting for ophtham to arrive?
place patent is recumbent position and do ocular massage
chloroquine and phenothiazine are known to cause what optic disorder?
Macular degeneration
Central retinal vein occlusion usually occurs secondary to what other medical disorders?
DM, hyperlipidemia, glaucoma
Central retinal vein occlusion is painless blurred vision or vision loss, similar to central retinal artery occlusion and retinal detachment. What is the buzz word associated with exam?
afferent pupillary detect, optic disc swelling and blood/thunder retina (due to dilated veins, hemorrhage and edema)
CRVO and CRAO are usually caused by a
embolic or thrombotic event
cataracts can form due to age and what other conditions
steroid use, trauma, dm, sun exposure and statins
what type of glaucoma is an emergency? Angle-closure glaucoma or open angle glaucoma
Angle-closure glaucoma.
painful eye, loss of vision, steamy cornea, and fixed mid dilated pupil and tear. This is most likely?
Angle-closure glaucoma
what visual fields are affected in open angle glaucoma?
peripheral visual fields and increased cup to disc ratio
Is IOP increased in both open and closed glaucoma
yes
Treatment for emergent angle-closure glaucoma
refer, start IV (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) acetazolamide, topical beta blocker and osmotic diuresis (mannitol)
tx for open angle glaucoma
this is a chronic condition, use topical meds to decease IOP by decreasing aqueous production (b-blocker or acetazolamide and prostaglandin like med to increase outflow.