Eimeriosis and cystoisosporosis of pig

Question 1

Eimeria species of pigs

Answer 1

Eimeria debliecki
Eimeria scabra
Eimeria neodebliecki
Eimeria spinosa
Eimeria polita
Eimeria suis

Question 2

location of Eimeria species of pigs

Answer 2

lower small intestine

Question 3

clinical signs of Eimeria species of pigs

Answer 3

• yellow necrotic membrne
• bloody diarrhea

Question 4

pathogenesis of Eimeria species of pigs

Answer 4

Eimeria are generally non-pathogenic in pigs.

• Piglets at 1 month typically infected, causes neonatal diarrhoea (mainly Isospora suis)
• Sporozoites after ingestion invade enterocytes in SI, esp. jejenum and ileum –> villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and loss of absorptive surface. This leads to malabsorption, nutrient loss, watery to pasty yellow diarrhoea, weight loss, dehydration and stunted growth.

Question 5

diagnosis of Eimeria species of pigs

Answer 5

• Flotation
• Examine intestine

Question 6

treatment of Eimeria species of pigs

Answer 6

• Decoquinate: sows before and after farrowing.
• Toltrazuril: piglets as prophylactic or treatment
• Sulfamethazine
• Supportive care
• Antibiotics for secondary infections - amoxicilin or tylosin
• Oocyst killing disinfectants for prevention - ammonia or cresol-based

Question 7

Cystoisospora of pigs

Answer 7

• Cystoisospora suis
• C. almaataenis - Russia region
• C. neyrai - Spain

Question 8

PH of Cystoisospora of pigs

Answer 8

rodent

Question 9

Location of Cystoisospora of pigs

Answer 9

SI mucosa

Question 10

morphology of Cystoisospora of pigs

Answer 10

2 sporocyst, 4 sporozoites

Oocyst:

• 20 x 18µm
• Oval to subspherical
• unsporulated - Sporulates within 24-48 hours
• 2 thin shells
• Transparent

No stieda body (differentiate from Eimeria)

Question 11

life cycle of Cystoisospora of pigs

Answer 11

1) Exogenous sporogony: unsporylated oocyst is shed in feces of final host and sporulated within 16 hours in environment. Sporulated oocyst is ingested by final host.
2) Endogenous merogony: oocyst excyst in intestines and releases sporozoites. Each sporozoite invades an epithelial cell within 3-5 days after infection.
Merogony: in epithelial cell, binary fission forms schizont/meront containing merozoites. The cell ruprures and releases the merozoites which infects new cells.
3) Endogenous gametogony: inside intestinal cells, merozoites becomes microgamete (male) and macrogamete (female). Nuclei fuses - producing zygote –> oocyst. Unsporulated oocyst is shed in feces.
4) In paratenic host Cystoisospora invades extraintestinal tissue, produces a single dormant cyst without causing disease, and produce hypnozoites inside.

Question 12

pathogenesis of Cystoisospora of pigs

Answer 12

• Villous atrophy, necrotic enteritis, enterocyte metaplasia, crypt hyperplasia, digestive function impaired.
• Young are most susceptible for disease.
• Sporulated is very resistant!
• Neonatal enteritis - destruction of villi of small intestine epithelium
• Piglets aged 8-15 days

Question 13

clinical signs of Cystoisospora of pigs

Answer 13

Enteric syndrome: diarrhoea is yellow-grey, acidic odour, watery, without blood, anorexia –> death

Question 14

diagnosis of Cystoisospora of pigs

Answer 14

• Necropsy of intestine
• Feces: McMaster or Flotation method

Question 15

treatment of Cystoisospora of pigs

Answer 15

toltrazuril

Question 16

Transmission of cystoisospora in pigs

Answer 16

oral ingestion