Eimeriosis of cattle, sheep, goat Flashcards
(17 cards)
Eimeria species in cattle
Eimeria zuernii
Eimeria bovis
Eimeria ellipsoidalis
Eimeria auburnensis
Eimeria morphology & characteristics
General for phylum alveolata:
- Single celled, simple nucleus, golgi, ER, mitochondria, posterior ring
- Obligatory intracellular parasite
- Strict specificity: host, organ, age
- Apical complex (apical end; sporozoite, merozoite): polar ring, conoid, subpellicular microtubules, miconemes, rhoptry, microspore
Eimeria characteristic:
- highly host specific
- monoxenous LC
- 4 sporocysts, with 2 sporozoites each
Transmission of Eimeria species
oral ingestion
location of Eimeria species in cattle
Intestinal tract
- 1st generation: SI
- 2nd & 3rd generation: Ileum, cecum, colon
Life cycle of eimeria species in cattle
1) Exogenoous sporogony (asexual). Unsporulated oocyst is shed with feces and sporulates in external environment. The sporulated oocyst with 4 sporocysts and 2 sporozoites is eaten by FH.
2) Merogony is endogenous. Excystation happens 1st generation meronts in endothelial cells of posterior half of the small intestine. 2nd generation meronts in cecal and colonic epithelium.
3) Gamogony is endogenous (sexual). Microgametes and macrogametes form zygotes in the epithelial cells of cecal and colonic glands.
PP: 17-20 days
Pathogenesis of eimeria in cattle
- Severe damage to intestine in calves less than 1 year
- Diarrhoea, decreased productivity, fever, haemorrhage.
- Death in 3-4 weeks or partial immunity.
Diagnosis of eimeria in cattle
- Flotation - sporulated/unsporulated
- History & CS
- Necropsy
Treatment of eimeria in cattle
- Amproliud corid
- Auflaquinoxaline
- Toltrazuril
Clinical signs of eimeria in cattle
Gastrointestinal Signs (Most Common):
- Diarrhea (watery, mucoid, or bloody)
- Tenesmus, dehydration, weight loss, poor wight gain, reduced appetite, anorexia
- Fecal staining around the tail and hind legs
General Signs:
- Lethargy, weakness, and depression
- Fever (mild to moderate)
- Pale mucous membranes (if anemia is present)
- Rough or dull coat
- Increased susceptibility to secondary infections
Severe or Complicated Cases:
- Rectal prolapse
- Anemia
- Sudden death
- Hemorrhagic enteritis
Eimeria species in sheep
Eimeria ovinoidalis
Eimeria crandallis
Eimeria faurei
Eimeria parva
Eimeria ahsata
Eimeria intricata
Eimeria ovina (bakhensis)
Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae
Eimeria caproovina
Eimeria secies in goats
Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae
Eimeria arloingi
Eimeria christenseni
Eimeria caprina
Eimeria caproovina
Location of eimeria in sheep & goat
Small & large intestine
Life cycle of eimeria in sheep & goat
1) EXOGENOUS SPOROGONY - unsporulated oocyst leaves the host with feces and sporulates in environment. The sporulated oocyst is eaten by final host.
2) ENDOGENOUS MEROGONY (asexual, inside host cells) - excystation of sporozoites and asexual reproduction with production of merozoites.
3) ENDOGENOUS GAMOGONY - sexual reproduction where microgametes and macrogametes forms a zygote that leaves the host.
Pathogenesis of eimeria in sheep and goat
It occurs in lambs, older sheep that have been immune through previous contact with parasite, mainly 4-8 weeks of age. It often occurs in flocks that are moved out after a period inside, also indoor if high contamination within the flock.
It causes coccidiosis, leading to intestinal damage, diarrhoea and poor growth.
After ingestion, it invades intestinal epithelial cells. Production of merozoites during merogony leads to further epithelial damage. The cell destruction triggers inflammation, villous atrophy, hemorrhage and necrosis, impairs nutrient absorption and causes diarrhoea, often bloody.
Clinical signs of eimeria in sheep and goat
- Lamb is not thriving.
- Dirtiness around tail due to diarrhoea.
- Loss of appetite, weak, unthrifty.
- Bloody diarrhoea if worsen.
Diagnosis of eimeria in sheep and goat
flotation
Treatment of eimeria in sheep and goat
- Amprolium
- Sulfamethazine
- Toltrazuril
