Elements atoms and compounds Flashcards
(29 cards)
define element
are pure substances made up of only one type of atom (e.g carbon, hydrogen, oxygen)d
define compound
are substances formed when two or more elements chemically bond together (e.g.,
Water - H2O, Carbon Dioxide - CO2).
define mixture
consist of two or more substances physically combined but not chemically bonded (e.g., paint, air
what do atoms conatin
3 main subatomic particles
what charge to protons neutrons and elevtrons have
- Protons (positive charge)
- Neutrons (neutral charge)
- Electrons (negative charge)
what are molecules made up of
two or more atoms bonded together
where are metals found on the periodic table
on the left
where are non metals found on the periodic table
on the right
name the properties of group 1 periodic table
(Alkali Metals):
Highly reactive metals, e.g., Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K).
They become more reactive as you move down the group and can be explosive in water.
name the properties of group 2 periodic table
(Alkaline Earth Metals):
Less reactive than Group 1, e.g., Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg)
name the properties of group 7 periodic table
(Halogens):
Reactive non-metals, e.g., Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl). They become less
reactive as you move down the group.
name the properties of group 0 periodic table
(Noble Gases):
Unreactive gases, e.g., Helium (He), Neon (Ne).
name the properties of transition metals periodic table
Found in the centre, often used in construction and industry, e.g., Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu)
what is the reactivity of elements linked to
the number of electrons in the outermost shell
why do metals group 1 become more reactive as you move down the group
- They have more electron shells, meaning the outermost electron is further from the nucleus.
- The attraction between the nucleus and the outer electron is weaker, making it easier to lose an
electron and react.
why does group 7 halogens become less reactive as you move down the group
- They need to gain an electron to react.
- As they have more electron shells, the attraction between the nucleus and an incoming electron
is weaker, making it harder to gain an electron.
say the chemical formulas for at least 4 of these: water, carbon dioxide, calcium carbonate, nitrate ion, sulphate ion, carbonate ion
- Water: H2O
- Carbon Dioxide: CO2
- Calcium Carbonate: CaCO3
- Nitrate Ion: NO3−
- Sulphate Ion: SO42−
- Carbonate Ion: CO32−
when writing a chemical equation what goes to the left of the periodic table
elements, the metals go first followed by the non metals
name the steps of writing a chemical equation and what goes where
Reactants (substances before the reaction) are written on the left-hand side of the equation.
* Products (substances formed after the reaction) are written on the right-hand side.
how many elements does a compound have if it ends in ide
2 elements ( sodium chloride NaCl) (Carbon Dioxide CO2)
how many elements does a compound have if it ends in ate
at least 3 elements including oxygen
(Calcium sulphate, CaSO4) (sodium nitrate NaNO3)
name the properties of metals
Good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile, and shiny (e.g., Calcium,
Copper, Iron).
name the properties of non metals
Poor conductors of heat and electricity, brittle when solid, dull (e.g., Carbon,
Oxygen).
name the properties of magnetic metals
Iron (Fe) is a magnetic metal used in steel.
