elimination (2)

Question 1

defecation

Answer 1

process of waste elimination

Question 2

feces

Answer 2

semisolid mass of fiber, undigested food, inorganic food

Question 3

bowel elimination process:

Answer 3

fece material reaches rectum, stretch receptors initiate contraction of the sigmoid colon/rectal muscles, internal anal sphincter relaxes, sensory pulses cause bearing down, external sphincter relaxes

Question 4

factors in bowel elimination

Answer 4

personal, hydration/nutrition, developmental stage, medication, surgery/procedures, pregnancy, exercise, and pathological conditions

Question 5

what is the main factor of bowel elimination

Answer 5

hydration and nutrition

Question 6

promoting normal bowel movement

Answer 6

nutrition, hydration, positioning/timing, privacy, and exercise

Question 7

bristol stool scale

Answer 7

classifying of poop

Question 8

valsalva manuever

Answer 8

process of bearing down, pushing on the vagus nerve, decreased blood pressure and rate and result in passing out

Question 9

separate, hard lumps

Answer 9

constipation

Question 10

sausage-like and lumpy

Answer 10

mild constipation

Question 11

sausage-like with cracks on surface

Answer 11

healthy

Question 12

smooth, snake shape

Answer 12

healthy

Question 13

soft blob, clear-like edges

Answer 13

lack of fiber

Question 14

fluffy and mushy, ragged edges

Answer 14

mild diarrhea

Question 15

watery, entirely liquid

Answer 15

diarhhea

Question 16

components of a complete bowel assessment

Answer 16

nursing history, physical assessment, review relevant test results, patient’s medical history, chewing ability, recent stressors/illnesses, and environmental situation

Question 17

constipation

Answer 17

uncomfortable or infrequent bowel movements, hard stools

Question 18

impaction

Answer 18

stool you can’t pass, constipation that has gone untreated

Question 19

diarrhea

Answer 19

stool is more watery

Question 20

incontinence

Answer 20

inability to control feces or urine

Question 21

flatulence

Answer 21

gassy

Question 22

hemorrhoids

Answer 22

ulcers, enlarged blood vessels - straining to poop

Question 23

promoting normal BM

Answer 23

exercise, nutrition/hydration, positioning, timing (often after eating)

Question 24

incontinence

Answer 24

inability to control urine or feces

Question 25

void

Answer 25

to urinate

Question 26

void

Answer 26

micturate

Question 27

dysuria

Answer 27

painful or difficult urination

Question 28

hematuria

Answer 28

blood in urine

Question 29

nocturia

Answer 29

frequent night urination

Question 30

polyuria

Answer 30

large amounts of urine

Question 31

proteinuria

Answer 31

presence of large protein in urine

Question 32

urinary frequency

Answer 32

voiding at frequent intervals

Question 33

urinary urgency

Answer 33

need to void all at once

Question 34

hesitancy

Answer 34

difficulty initiating urination

Question 35

dribbling

Answer 35

leakage of urine despite the voluntary control of urination

Question 36

retention

Answer 36

accumulation of urine in bladder without the ability to completely empty

Question 37

residual

Answer 37

urine remaining post void > 100 mL

Question 38

______ stool, the patient feels the urge to go but unable to do so and liquid stool seeps out around the impaction

Answer 38

impacted

Question 39

involuntary constriction and relaxation of muscles of the intestine is _____

Answer 39

peristalsis

Question 40

what does fiber do for stool?

Answer 40

it absorbs water, swells, and softens hard stool

Question 41

at which site would the nurse obtain a sterile urinalysis from a client with an indwelling catheter?

Answer 41

tubing injection port

Question 42

cloudy urine indicates?

Answer 42

infection, sedimentation, or high levels of protein in the urine

Question 43

regulatory function of the kidneys is ____ and _____

Answer 43

acid-base function and fluid/electrolyte balance

Question 44

clarity of urine for hematuria

Answer 44

dark, smokey

Question 45

clarity of concentrated urine is

Answer 45

orange-amber

Question 46

____ stimulates secretion of aldosterone

Answer 46

hyperkalemia

Question 47

____ is associated with increased levels of ADH

Answer 47

hypochloremia

Question 48

____ will ____ urine volume and cause fluid retention

Answer 48

ADH, decrease

Question 49

what odor can indicate an UTI or possible renal failure

Answer 49

strong ammonia

Question 50

what physiological changes can occur with aging and cause stress incontinence

Answer 50

estrogen deficiency and weakening of the urinary sphincter

Question 51

on a residual urine test, you will instruct the patient to do what?

Answer 51

empty the bladder before a urinary catheter is inserted

Question 52

signs of rehydration include

Answer 52

increased urinary output and dilution of the urine, which results in decreased specific gravity

Question 53

monitoring what, is the most important in a patient with diarrhea

Answer 53

fluid and electrolyte balance

Question 54

if ADH is high, it

Answer 54

causes more water to be absorbed creating a high concentration by small volume of urine

Question 55

if ADH is low, it

Answer 55

causes more water to be excreted creating a large volume of urine

Question 56

ADH is produced by the

Answer 56

pituitary gland

Question 57

aldosterone is produced by the

Answer 57

adrenal gland

Question 58

aldosterone does what?

Answer 58

regulates water reabsorption and changes urine concentration by increasing sodium reabsorption and helps control secretion of potassium

Question 59

kidneys produce approximately how many mL an hour

Answer 59

50-60 mL

Question 60

normal voiding is typically how many times per day, depending on fluid intake

Answer 60

5-6x

Question 61

dark yellow urine is often indicative of

Answer 61

dehydration

Question 62

certain medications like ____ & ____ can cause orange urine

Answer 62

rifampin and phenazopyridine

Question 63

urine is ___ from consumption of aspargus

Answer 63

greenish

Question 64

promoting normal urination

Answer 64

provide privacy, assist with positioning, bladder schedule/toilet routines, fluids/nutrition, monitor for skin break down, kegel exercises

Question 65

characteristics of urine

Answer 65

color, clarity, and odor

Question 66

record ALL fluids -intake

Answer 66

semi-solid foods, ice chips, IV fluids, fluids, tube feeding, irrigations instilled and not immediately removed

Question 67

record ALL fluids - output

Answer 67

fluid loss via emesis (vomiting), urine output, diarrhea, and drainage from suction or wounds