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MODULE 1 > mobility/immobillity > Flashcards

mobility/immobillity Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

person’s ability to move about freely

A

mobility

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2
Q

forms of mobility

A

nonverbal gestures, self-defense, ADLs, recreational, satisfaction of basic needs, and expression of motion

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3
Q

factors affecting mobility and activity:

A

developmental, nutrition, lifestyle, stress, environment, and diseases & abnormalities

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4
Q

diseases & abnormalities:

A

-bones, muscles, and nervous system
-pain
-trauma
-respiratory system
-circulatory
-psychological/social

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5
Q

a person’s inability to move about freely

A

immobility

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6
Q

immobility may involve:

A

specific part of body due to injury

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7
Q

paralegia:

A

may involve lower part of body

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8
Q

hemiplegia:

A

may involve one side of the body

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9
Q

quadriplegia:

A

may involve entire body from the neck down

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10
Q

restricts patient to bed for therapeutic reasons:

A

bedrest

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11
Q

bedrest does what for patient:

A

reduces pain, reduces physical activity and O2 demand, allows ill/debilitated/exhausted patients to rest, and the duration of bedrest depends

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12
Q

physical causes of immobility:

A

bone fractures, surgical procedures, major sprain/strain, illness/disease, cancer, and aging process

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13
Q

psychological causes of immobility:

A

stress/depression, decreased motivation, hospitalization, long-term care facilities residents, voluntary sedentary lifestyle

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14
Q

reduced functional capacity -> altered metabolism -> numerous physiological changes

A

prolonged immobility

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15
Q

musculoskeletal effects of immobility:

A

brittle bones, contractures, muscle weakness & atrophy, and footdrop

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16
Q

lung effects of immobility:

A

pneumonia, decreased respiratory effort, decreased oxygenation of blood

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17
Q

heart & vessel effects of immobility:

A

blood clots and reduced blood flow

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18
Q

effects of immobility on gastrointestinal:

A

decreased appetite and low fluid intake, constipation, and/or bowel obstructions, incontinence, electrolyte imbalance

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19
Q

effects of immobility on genitourinary:

A

reduced kidney function, incontinence, UTI, urinary retention

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20
Q

effects of immobility on integument:

A

decreased blood flow, pressure ulcers, infections, skin break down

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21
Q

effects of immobility on nervous system:

A

lack of stimulation, anxiety, isolation, confusion, depression

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22
Q

osteoclasts:

A

break down bone

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23
Q

osteoblasts:

A

build up bone, deposits calcium into the bone, vitamin D and calcium = need both, vitamin D absorption in intestines

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24
Q

____ fractures are caused by weakened bone tissue

A

pathological

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25
risk factors of osteoporois:
females are more affected than males, especially after menopause, insufficient exercise/or too much exercise, poor diet (low in Ca or protein), smoking
26
osteoporosis:
a bone disease that develops when bone mineral density and bone mass decreases, or when the structure and strength of bone changes
27
fractures may occur easily if ___ ___ drops below _____ ______
bone mass, fracture threshold
28
range of motion:
maximum amount of movement available at a joint
29
joints not moved are at risk for _____
contractures (can begin forming within 8 hours)
30
what is the easiest intervention to maintain or improve joint mobility
ROM exercises
31
what improves joint mobility
ROM exercises
32
contractures are:
limitations in the passive ROM of a joint secondary to shortening of the connective tissues and muscles (can be permanent)
33
active ROM:
done by patient
34
active assit ROM
done by patient but with help
35
passive ROM
done by nurse or other caregiver (continuous passive ROM)
36
when do you do ROM:
3x daily (after bath, midday, bedtime)
37
how do you perform ROM?
start gradually and move slowly using smooth motions, support the extremity, and stretch the muscle only to the point of resistance/pain
38
respiratory assessment:
lung sounds, O2 patients, RR, activity tolerance (SOB), chest x-ray, and arterial blood gases
39
TCDB:
turn, cough, deep breath (hold 3 seconds) and cough 2x. first cough loosens sputum and second moves it out
40
cardiac asessment:
blood pressure, pulse rate, heart sounds, activity tolerance (BP, HR, chest pain), CALF PAIN
41
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
decreased muscle activity - pooling of blood - clot formation - DVT
42
best prevention of DVT
early ambulation
43
TED hose:
thrombo-embolic deterrent hose: post-surgical, non-walking patient, ** no wrinkles
44
sequential compression device (SCD)
sleeves around legs, alternately inflate and deflate, post-surgical/circulatory disorders
45
if your patient has calf pain, do you rub or not rub their calves and why?
no, it will dislodge and go to the lungs and causes a pulmonary embolism
46
metabolism assessment:
decreased appetite, weight loss, muscle loss, weakness, and labs
47
integument assessment:
skin assessment (color changes and integrity), nutrition, and incontinence
48
pressure injury:
impairment of the skin as a result of prolonged ischemia in tissues
49
symptoms of DVT
pain, swelling, redness
50
pressure injury develops when:
pressure on skin is greater than pressure inside small peripheral blood vessels, inflammation forms over bony prominences
51
gastrointestinal assessment:
bowel sounds, abdominal palpitation, incontinence, and urine (color, smell, clarity)
52
urinary stasis:
when the renal pelvis fills before urine enters the ureters because peristaltic contractions of the ureters are insufficient to overcome gravity
53
urinary elimination changes:
immobility (decreased activity), decreased fluid intake, dehydration, concentrated urine, increased risk for UTI and kidney
54
psychosocial assessment:
mood, orientation, speech, affect, sleep
55
psychosocial effects:
social isolation, loneliness, decreased coping, depression, anxiety, withdrawal, delirium
56
benefits of mobility:
strengthens, joint flexibility, stimulates circulation, prevents constipation, prevents osteoporosis, stimulates the appetite, prevents urinary incontinence & infection, relieves pressure, improves self-esteem, decrease anxiety and depression
57
mobility level 1:
red- dependent- total lift without assistance from patient, up in chair 3x
58
mobility level 2:
orange- moderate assistance - assist x2 - patient requires caregiver to lift more than 35 lbs, patient may be unable to bear weight and require stand lift assistance. Up in chair 3x daily
59
mobility level 3:
yellow - minimum assistance - patient requires no more help than standby assist or cueing. Walk 3x daily up in chair and chair 3x daily
60
mobility level 4:
green- modified independent - patient performs tasks safely without physical assistance from staff. Walk 3x daily and 3x chair daily
61
restraints:
any manual method, physical or mechanical device, material, or equipment that immobilizes or reduces the ability of a patient to move arms, legs, body, or head freely
62
non-violent restraints:
actions impede medical care, lack of awareness of potential harm to self and others, unable to follow commands and comply with safety instructions, attempts to pull out tubes/drains, requires every 2 hours monitoring and documentation, new order required every calendar
63
restraint types:
extremity, mitten, posey, and belt, papoose or mummy restraint (child)
64
covenant's restraint policies:
prior to restraining, alternatives must be attempted: -reorientation -limit setting -use of sitter -increased observation and monitoring -change the patient's physical environment -review and modification of medication regimen
65
restraint guidelines:
practitioner must order prior to applying, in emergencies - may apply but practitioner must be notified immediately, a new order must be obtained daily, must be d/c at the earliest possible time, monitoring varies- could continuous 15 minutes or every 2-3 hours), assessment includes vital signs, hydration, and circulation, skin integrity, and patient's level of distressr
66
risk of using restraints:
increase in injury or death, loss of self-esteem, humiliation, fear, anger, increased confusion and agitation
67
complications of restraints:
impaired skin integrity, lower extremity edema, altered nutrition, physical exhaustion, social isolation, immobility complications, death
68
intervention application:
restrict movement as little as is necessary, fits properly, always tie (slip knot or bow tie) to bed frame/mattress springs, never leave patient unattended, pad bony prominences, document
69
if they can respond, ask them to ____ and if they have _____
move the limb, tingling

MODULE 1 (27 decks)

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