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MODULE 1 > OXYGENATION > Flashcards

OXYGENATION Flashcards

1
Q

poor oxygenation

A

decreased oxygen level in the blood

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2
Q

can be used to assess oxygen level

A

oxygen saturation

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3
Q

SpO2 or SAO2 measures what

A

how saturated hemoglobin are with oxygen (pulse oximetry)

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4
Q

hemoglobin is ___

A

molecule in blood that carries oxygen

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5
Q

normal oxygen saturation level

A

95% to 100%, but may see orders for keep O2 Sats above 92%

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6
Q

signs/symptoms of poor oxygenation

A

restlessness/confusion, decreased blood pressure, cool extremities, pallor or cyanosis of extremities, and slow capillary refill

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7
Q

when oxygen is inadequate to meet metabolic demands of the body we start to get ____ or ____

A

tissue ischemia or cell death

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8
Q

tissue ischemia

A

struggling for oxygen

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9
Q

cell death is called

A

necrosis

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10
Q

hypoxia

A

low oxygen in tissues

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11
Q

main clinical manifestation for early and late hypoxia

A

restlessness

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12
Q

alveoli are

A

air sacs where oxygen is exchanged

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13
Q

lung disease is influenced by

A

environmental, occupational, and personal

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14
Q

the ____ needs to be able to move freely

A

diaphragm

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15
Q

pulmonary diseases:

A

acute, chronic, obstructive, infectious, noninfectious, and restrictive

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16
Q

acute pulmonary disease

A

sudden onset, short period- bronchitis

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17
Q

chronic

A

asthma

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18
Q

obstructive

A

COPD

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19
Q

restrictive

A

pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis

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20
Q

infectious

A

pneumonia

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21
Q

noninfectious

A

asthma, copd, pulmonary fibrosis

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22
Q

clinical manifestations of respiratory alterations:

A

cough (acute/chronic), dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis, altered breathing patterns, cyanosis, fever

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23
Q

hemoptysis is ___

A

cough up blood

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24
Q

cyanosis is best assessed

A

around fingertips and around mucus membrane of face

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25
orthopnea
dyspnea when laying down
26
often occurs in heart and lung diseases that reduce amount of oxygen in the blood
clubbing in fingers
27
low levels of oxygen in the tissues and organs, hard to measure
hypoxia
28
low level of oxygen in the blood
hypoxemia
29
measure for hypoxemia with
pulse ox
30
symptoms of hypoxia
early: restlessness, anxiety, tachycardia/tachypnea late: bradypnea, extreme restlessness, dyspnea
31
ventilation
act of exchanging oxygen for carbon dioxide
32
hypoventilation
breathing too shallow or too deep
33
causes of hypoventilation
anxiety, respiratory depression, mediations (opioids), sleep (normal process), decreased level of conciousness
34
if you are hypo-ventilating you are ____
hypercapnic
35
hypercapnia
building/holding on to CO2
36
hyperventilation
breathing that is too rapid or too deep
37
causes of hyperventilation
exercise, anxiety, and pain
38
hypocapnia
low on CO2
39
what color is good to see on an x-ray of lungs?
black = air
40
atelectasis
collapsed air sacs (alveoli)
41
prevention of atelectasis:
early ambulation, TCDB, incentive spirometry
42
aspiration
passage of gastric contents (solid or fluid) into lungs, can cause aspiration pneumonia
43
prevention of aspiration
assess patients ability to swallow, keep head of bed elevated with tube feedings, thorough lung assessment (minimum every 8 hours)
44
assessment of respiratory rate
respiratory rate, use of accessory muscles, cyanosis, oxygen saturation, adventitious breath sounds, clubbing, dyspnea with activity
45
crackles in lungs
fine crackles are very common, fluid in lungs, and coarse crackles
46
wheezes
due to fluid or blockage, high pitch squeaking sounds. heard on expiration than inspiration
47
rhonchi is
severe wheezes
48
types of diagnostic testing
x-ray, sputum culture and sensitivity, MRI, CT scan, arterial blood gases, bronchoscopy, and thoracentesis
49
what is thoracentesis?
needle that aspirates fluid out
50
two things from doing a thoracentesis
remove fluid and send fluid off for testing
51
promotion of lung expansion
position change (every 2 hours), keep upright, increase daily activities & ensure hydration, coughing exercises, and deep breathing (IS)
52
post operative of lung expansion
IS, TCDB, splinting incision (abdominal incision)
53
-erol
SABAs- short-acting beta agonist, stimulates beta- 2 adrenergic receptors, relaxing airway smooth muscle
54
common reactions of albuterol
nervousness, tachycardia, headache, and throat irritation
55
budesonide
LABA - long- acting beta agonist
56
common reactions of budesonide
tachycardia, nervousness, palpations, oral candidiasis
57
assessing patients on oxygen therapy
equipment, correct oxygen delivery device, flow rate is correct, respiratory assessment
58
respiratory assessment for patients on oxygen therapy
vital signs, oxygen saturation, LOC and any signs or symptoms of hypoxia, and skin
59
oxygen is a ____
medication and needs doctor orders
60
flow meter
normal flowing is around 2L
61
fraction of inspired oxygen
is percent of oxygen a person is inhaling
62
room air FIO 2 is
21%
63
with supplemental oxygen, FIO2 can reach
100%
64
oxygen delivery for nasal cannula
usually no more than 4 LPM, up to 6 LPM. (2-3 lpm good starting point)
65
FIO2 for nasal cannula is ___
24% to 44%
66
disadvantage of a nasal cannula:
dries membrane and skin breakdown
67
oxygen delivery for venturi mask
4 to 12 lpm
68
FIO2 for venturi mask
24% to 60%
69
advantage of a venturi mask
controls exact concentration of oxygen
70
venturi mask is commonly used in ___
COPD patients
71
FIO2 for non-breather mask
60-100% at 10-15 L for 100%
72
non-breather masks has valves that ____
open during expiration and close during inhalation
73
non-breather delivers ____ and treats
higher concentrations of oxygen and treat hypoxia
74
face tent delivers ____%
28-100%
75
flow rate of face tent
8-12 lpm
76
documentation
date and time of oxygen initiated, method of delivery, flow rate in liters per minute, patient response to oxygen, condition of patient's skin where device rests, respiratory assessment, and patient/family teaching
77
oxygen toxicity can develop when a person breathes ____ % oxygen for > 12 hours
100%
78
signs and symptoms of oxygen toxicity
pallor, sweating, nausea and vomiting, seizures, vertigo, muscle twitching, hallucinations, anxiety, chest pain, and dyspnea
79
respiratory implications of allergic reactions
lacrimation, running nose, cough, red eyes, edema, vomiting, rash, redness, and sneezing
80
respiratory implications of anaphylaxis
skin, respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, neurological
81
oxygen may be titrated from ____ via nasal cannula
0-5 lpm
82
all nasal cannula's above 4 lpm will be ____
humidified
83
oxygen may be titrated up to ____% for venturi mask
40%
84
patient will be re-evaluated every ___ hours
24 hours
85
oxygen therapy will be titrated and weaned for patients that are able to maintain a SpO2 of ____
90%

MODULE 1 (27 decks)

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