Elimination and Sleep DX Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is the minimum frequency of incidents required for a diagnosis of enuresis according to DSM-5?
At least twice weekly incidents over three months.
Significant distress or impairment must also be present, with a minimum chronological age of 5 years.
Why is a thorough medical exam performed for enuresis?
To rule out medical conditions causing symptoms.
Conditions like UTIs, diabetes, seizures, and sleep apnea can mimic or contribute to enuretic symptoms.
What are some psychological impacts of enuresis on a child and family?
Shame, lowered self-esteem, strained family relationships, social difficulties, academic impacts, and increased economic burden.
These impacts can create substantial financial burdens due to extra costs associated with bedding, clothing, and childcare.
What is the first-line treatment for nocturnal enuresis?
Alarm therapy.
Alarm therapy is often paired effectively with behavioral interventions for optimal outcomes.
What is the difference between encopresis with constipation and without constipation?
With constipation involves chronic stool retention and overflow incontinence, while without constipation often involves behavioral or emotional causes without organic retention.
What are risk factors for encopresis?
Chronic constipation, genetic predisposition, male gender, emotional and behavioral difficulties, developmental delays, and inadequate or stressful toilet training experiences.
What treatments are effective for encopresis?
Multifaceted treatments involving:
* Medical management (laxatives, dietary changes)
* Behavioral interventions (scheduled toileting, positive reinforcement)
* Psychosocial support (CBT)
What critical questions should be asked during intake about sleep?
Hours of sleep, difficulties initiating or maintaining sleep, daytime sleepiness, bedtime routine, environmental factors, and screen time before bed.
Why is sleep hygiene important?
It promotes consistent, quality sleep by setting a stable sleep schedule, minimizing stimulants, and creating a relaxing sleep environment.
What is the difference between sleep terrors and nightmares?
Sleep terrors involve intense fear, screaming, and no recall during deep non-REM sleep, while nightmares are vivid dreams during REM sleep that are usually remembered clearly.
What treatments are effective for circadian rhythm sleep disorders, like delayed sleep phase?
Effective treatments include:
* Chronotherapy (gradually adjusting bedtime and wake-up times)
* Strict adherence to sleep hygiene
* Behavioral modifications
What factors contribute to insomnia in children?
Anxiety, poor sleep hygiene, excessive screen time, irregular schedules, and stressors from family or school.
Is anxiety ever a direct cause of nocturnal enuresis?
Not necessarily causal, but anxiety may exacerbate symptoms by disrupting emotional regulation and sleep patterns.
What is the minimum frequency required for a diagnosis of enuresis according to DSM-5 criteria?
At least twice weekly incidents over three months or clinically significant distress or impairment.
Minimum chronological age for diagnosis is 5 years.
Why is a thorough medical exam performed for enuresis?
To rule out medical conditions causing symptoms.
Conditions like UTIs, diabetes, seizures, and sleep apnea can mimic or contribute to enuretic symptoms.
What psychological impacts can enuresis have on a child and family?
Shame, lowered self-esteem, strained family relationships, social difficulties, academic impacts, increased economic burden.
Enuresis can create substantial financial burdens due to extra costs associated with bedding, clothing, and childcare.
What is the first-line treatment for nocturnal enuresis?
Alarm therapy.
Alarm therapy is often paired with behavioral interventions for optimal outcomes.
What is the difference between encopresis with constipation and without constipation?
With constipation involves chronic stool retention and overflow incontinence; without constipation often involves behavioral or emotional causes without organic retention.
What are the risk factors for encopresis?
Chronic constipation, genetic predisposition, male gender, emotional and behavioral difficulties, developmental delays, inadequate or stressful toilet training experiences.
What treatments are effective for encopresis?
Multifaceted treatments involving:
* Medical management (laxatives, dietary changes)
* Behavioral interventions (scheduled toileting, positive reinforcement)
* Psychosocial support (CBT)
What critical questions should be asked during intake about sleep?
Hours of sleep, difficulties initiating or maintaining sleep, daytime sleepiness, bedtime routine, environmental factors, screen time before bed.
Why is sleep hygiene important?
Promotes consistent, quality sleep by setting a stable sleep schedule, minimizing stimulants, and creating a relaxing sleep environment.
What is the difference between sleep terrors and nightmares?
Sleep terrors involve intense fear, screaming, and no recall during deep non-REM sleep; nightmares are vivid, frightening dreams during REM sleep, usually remembered clearly.
What treatments are effective for circadian rhythm sleep disorders, like delayed sleep phase?
Chronotherapy (gradually adjusting bedtime), enhancing sleep hygiene, behavioral interventions.
