schizophrenia Flashcards
(15 cards)
What are the DSM-5 Criteria for Schizophrenia?
Two (or more) of the following must be present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period:
* Delusions
* Hallucinations
* Disorganized speech
* Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
* Negative symptoms
At least one of the symptoms must be from the first three categories.
What is required regarding the level of functioning for a diagnosis of schizophrenia?
There must be a significant portion of time since the onset of the disturbance where the level of functioning in one or more major areas is below the level prior to the disturbance.
This includes areas such as work, interpersonal relations, or self-care.
How long must signs of disturbance persist for a schizophrenia diagnosis?
Signs must persist for at least 6 months, including at least 1 month of active-phase symptoms meeting Criteria A.
This may also include periods of prodromal or residual symptoms.
What must be ruled out for a diagnosis of schizophrenia?
Schizoaffective disorder, depressive disorder, or bipolar disorder with psychotic features must be ruled out.
This is determined by the presence or absence of mood episodes during active-phase symptoms.
What is the significance of a history of ASD or communication disorder in diagnosing schizophrenia?
An additional diagnosis of schizophrenia is made only if prominent delusions or hallucinations are present for at least 1 month.
This is in addition to the other required symptoms of schizophrenia.
What are common pharmacological treatments for schizophrenia?
Common antipsychotic medications include:
* Risperidone
* Aripiprazole
* Paliperidone
* Lurasidone
These medications target active psychotic symptoms.
What challenges are associated with medication adherence in schizophrenia treatment?
Challenges include lack of efficacy, side effects, or noncompliance.
Common side effects reported are sedation, weight gain, metabolic problems, and extrapyramidal side effects.
What are the goals of psychosocial interventions in managing schizophrenia?
Goals include:
* Symptom reduction
* Social skills training
* Occupational training
* Life skills training
* Enhancing quality of life
* Reducing risk for relapse
Few studies investigate efficacy specifically in youth.
What is Cognitive Remediation Therapy associated with?
Cognitive Remediation Therapy is associated with improved planning and cognitive flexibility.
It is often used in conjunction with psychoeducational treatments.
What does coordinated specialty care aim to do?
Coordinated specialty care seeks to:
* Strengthen family support and education
* Promote collaboration with primary care
* Support patients vocationally and occupationally
* Provide individual and group psychotherapies
This approach enhances overall treatment outcomes.
Fill in the blank: Medication adherence is difficult to achieve due to _______.
lack of efficacy, side effects, or noncompliance.
True or False: Cognitive Remediation Therapy alone is sufficient for effective management of schizophrenia.
False
It is often combined with other psychosocial interventions for better outcomes.
What is the presenting problem in the case example of Daniel?
Emergency room visit for severe behavioral outburst, apparent presence of delusions and hallucinations.
Daniel is a 14-year-old Caucasian male.
What types of symptoms are considered in the diagnosis of schizophrenia?
Symptoms include:
* Positive symptoms (e.g., delusions, hallucinations)
* Negative symptoms
* Disorganized symptoms
Positive symptoms are often the most noticeable.
What is a critical component of effective management for schizophrenia?
The combination of psychosocial interventions and psychopharmacological interventions.
This dual approach aims to address both symptoms and quality of life.
