sleep dx Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is insomnia?
Difficulty initiating, maintaining sleep, or early morning awakenings resulting in daytime impairment
Insomnia cannot be better explained by poor sleep hygiene or accounted for by another mental health disorder or substance use. It should not be diagnosed in children under 6 years.
What are the types of insomnia?
Types include:
* Behavioral Insomnia
* Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders
* Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence
* Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders
* NREM-Related Parasomnias
* REM-Related Parasomnias
* Sleep-Related Movement Disorders
Each type has specific characteristics that differentiate them.
What characterizes Behavioral Insomnia?
Includes:
* Sleep onset associations
* Limit setting problems
* Inadequate sleep hygiene
These behaviors can affect a child’s ability to fall asleep and stay asleep.
What are common types of Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders?
Common types include:
* Snoring
* Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea
These disorders involve abnormalities in respiratory function during sleep.
What defines Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence?
Characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness without insufficient sleep or circadian misalignment
Must treat comorbidities first before addressing hypersomnolence.
Give examples of Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence.
Examples include:
* Narcolepsy
* Idiopathic Hypersomnia / Hypersomnolence Disorder
These disorders are associated with excessive sleepiness.
What are Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders caused by?
Caused by disrupted circadian timing or mismatch between circadian rhythm and needed sleep schedule
This can lead to sleep difficulties and daytime impairment.
What is the most common Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorder?
Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder
This disorder involves a significant delay in sleep onset and wake times.
What are NREM-Related Parasomnias?
Disorders of arousal from NREM sleep
Examples include somnambulism (sleepwalking) and sleep terrors.
What is an example of a REM-Related Parasomnia?
Nightmare Disorder
This disorder involves recurrent nightmares that disrupt sleep.
What are Sleep-Related Movement Disorders characterized by?
Stereotyped movements that interfere with sleep onset or maintenance
Examples include Restless Leg Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movement Disorder.
What are common comorbidities with sleep disorders?
Comorbidities include:
* Mood and anxiety disorders
* ADHD
* Neurodevelopmental disorders
* Medical conditions (e.g., chronic pain, sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis, cancer)
These comorbidities can complicate the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders.
What is the prevalence of sleep problems in children?
25% of children experience a sleep problem at some point
The prevalence is 25–42% among infants, toddlers, and preschoolers.
What are common risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in children?
Risk factors include:
* Tonsils/adenoids enlargement
* Obesity
* Craniofacial abnormalities
* Enlarged tongue
* Neuromuscular diseases
These factors can increase the likelihood of developing obstructive sleep apnea.
What factors contribute to sleep problems?
Contributors include:
* Biological
* Circadian
* Developmental
* Environmental
* Sociocultural
* Behavioral factors
A combination of these factors leads to the development of sleep disorders.
What are the primary treatment strategies for sleep disorders?
Treatment strategies include:
* Prevention
* CBT-based treatments
* Behavioral interventions
* Medications
CBT-based treatments promote healthy sleep habits and may involve techniques like extinction for insomnia.
What are examples of medications used to treat sleep disorders?
Medications may include:
* Antihistamines
* Benzodiazepines
* Clonidine
* Antidepressants (e.g., Tricyclics, SSRIs)
Medications are generally considered after behavioral interventions.
What are some alternative treatments for sleep disorders?
Alternative treatments may include:
* Acupuncture
* Massage therapy
* Herbal supplements and vitamins
These treatments can be used alongside traditional methods.
