SUD and SChizophrenia

Question 1

What was the ‘four times more likely’ statistic in reference to?

Answer 1

Adolescents who binge drink before age 15 are four times more likely to develop alcohol dependence as adults.

Question 2

Why were ‘just say no’ campaigns not effective?

Answer 2

They underestimated adolescent reward-seeking behaviors, peer influence, lack of fully-developed frontal cortex, and were often presented by less influential authority figures.

Question 3

What are the four pathways to alcohol/substance use disorders?

Answer 3

• Externalizing
• Internalizing
• Repeated Use
• Contextual pathways

Question 4

Could the decrease in alcohol usage among teens be due to changing preferences?

Answer 4

Possibly, yes. Also attributed to reduced socializing after the pandemic and stricter ID checks limiting access to alcohol.

Question 5

How do you balance not wanting adolescents in alcohol treatment groups that reinforce negative behavior?

Answer 5

Focus on developing alternative social activities without alcohol and CBT to build coping skills and resilience.

Question 6

Is a big aspect of CBT for alcohol use teaching moderation or harm reduction?

Answer 6

Yes, modern approaches emphasize moderation or harm reduction rather than only abstinence.

Question 7

Did you encounter the famous case about the mother medicating her daughter who didn’t actually have schizophrenia?

Answer 7

Yes, it refers to cases involving Munchausen syndrome by proxy, highlighting the need for comprehensive evaluations.

Question 8

If a parent brings in a young child suspecting schizophrenia, what other conditions would you rule out first?

Answer 8

• Autism Spectrum Disorder
• Bipolar Disorder
• Depression
• Anxiety
• Medication side effects
• Infections
• Brain injuries
• Other medical conditions

Question 9

Are parents typically aware of the specific diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia when they suspect it in their child?

Answer 9

Usually not; they notice concerning symptoms rather than understanding diagnostic criteria.

Question 10

What differentiates imagination in children from early signs of schizophrenia?

Answer 10

Persistent delusions detached from reality rather than imaginative play.

Question 11

What are the side effects of first-generation antipsychotics?

Answer 11

• High risk for extrapyramidal side effects (EPS)
• Higher risk of Tardive Dyskinesia
• Stronger dopamine blockade

Question 12

What are the side effects of second-generation antipsychotics?

Answer 12

• Lower incidence of EPS and Tardive Dyskinesia
• Risk of metabolic side effects (weight gain, diabetes)
• Broader neurotransmitter activity

Question 13

Does earlier onset of schizophrenia typically lead to better or worse outcomes?

Answer 13

Worse outcomes, associated with greater cognitive impairment and negative symptoms.

Question 14

Is cannabis use related to schizophrenia?

Answer 14

Yes, especially frequent use during adolescence can increase risk of psychotic disorders.

Question 15

Can adolescents with alcohol problems sometimes mature out of problematic drinking without treatment?

Answer 15

Yes, some do mature out, but untreated problems increase risks for future substance disorders.

Question 16

Is early intervention critical in treating schizophrenia?

Answer 16

Yes, early identification and treatment significantly improve prognosis.

Question 17

Are psychotic symptoms ever medication-induced or exacerbated?

Answer 17

Yes, misuse or interactions of medications can lead to medication-induced psychosis.