Embryology

Question 1

What weeks of development are classed as trimester 1?

Answer 1

Weeks 0-12

Question 2

What weeks of development are classed as trimester 2?

Answer 2

Weeks 12-24

Question 3

What weeks of development are classed as trimester 3?

Answer 3

Weeks 24-Birth

Question 4

What week is full term?

Answer 4

38-40 weeks

Question 5

What are weeks 0-3 known as?

Answer 5

Conceptus/embryo stage

Question 6

What are weeks 3-8 known as?

Answer 6

Embryonic period

Question 7

What are weeks 8-40 known as?

Answer 7

Foetal period

Question 8

What are the 6 phases of embryogenesis?

Answer 8

Gametogenesis
Fertilisation
Cleavage
Gastrulation
Formation of a body plan
Organogenesis

Question 9

What is gametogenesis?

Answer 9

The formation of a gamete

Question 10

What is oogenesis?

Answer 10

Formation of an oocyte/ovum

Question 11

What is spermatogenesis?

Answer 11

Formation of a sperm

Question 12

When does oogenesis occur?

Answer 12

During development (weeks 28-30) - a female is born with all of the oocytes that they will ever have

Question 13

What phase of meiosis does the primordial germ cell arrest in during development?

Answer 13

Prophase II

Question 14

When does spermatogenesis occur?

Answer 14

During puberty

Question 15

How long does the cycle to form 1 sperm take?

Answer 15

64-74 days

Question 16

What is the medical name for down syndrome?

Answer 16

Trisomy 21

Question 17

What causes trisomy 21

Answer 17

Non-disjunction, in which half of the daughter cells from meiosis contain 2 copies of chromosome 21 and half contain 0 copies

Question 18

What is trisomy 21 an example of?

Answer 18

Aneuploidy

Question 19

What occurs during organogenesis?

Answer 19

Formation of organs and organ systems

Question 20

During which trimester is most weight gained?

Answer 20

3rd

Question 21

What is the anterior surface of the foetus called?

Answer 21

Ventral

Question 22

What is the inferior surface of the foetus called?

Answer 22

Caudal

Question 23

What is the superior surface of the foetus called?

Answer 23

Cranial

Question 24

What is the posterior surface of the foetus called?

Answer 24

Dorsal

Question 25

What are the 6 primary processes that occur?

Answer 25

Cell division Differentiation Cell attachment Apoptosis Induction Cell migration

Question 26

What is meant by induction?

Answer 26

The ability of one cell type to cause another to differentiate

Question 27

What are the 2 secondary processes that occur?

Answer 27

Axis formation/ polarity - knowing where cells are in relation to others Folding/ rotation - Gives the embryo its 3D structure

Question 28

What syndrome is caused by deletion on maternal chromosome 15?

Answer 28

Angelman syndrome

Question 29

What syndrome is caused by deletion on paternal chromosome 15?

Answer 29

Prader-Willi syndrome