Organisation of cells

Question 1

What are the four basic layers of the gastrointestinal tract wall?

Answer 1

The mucosa, the submucosa, the muscularis and the serosa/adventitia

Question 2

What are the 3 layers of the mucosa?

Answer 2

The epithelium, the lamina propria and the muscular mucosa

Question 3

What forms the lamina propria?

Answer 3

Connective tissue found beneath the epithelium

Question 4

What forms the muscular mucosa?

Answer 4

Muscular tissue that separates the mucosa from the submucosa

Question 5

What are the two components of the Muscularis?

Answer 5

The muscularis interna and muscularis externa

Question 6

In which direction does the muscularis interna wrap around the tract?

Answer 6

In a circular direction

Question 7

In which direction does the musularis externa wrap around the tract?

Answer 7

In a longitudinal direction

Question 8

What are the 2 components of the serosa layer?

Answer 8

Connective tissue and simple epithelium

Question 9

What is the main component of the adventitia layer?

Answer 9

Connective tissue

Question 10

Which organs of the GI tract contain non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium in their mucosa layer?

Answer 10

Oral Cavity, pharynx, oesophagus and anal canal

Question 11

Which organ of the GI tract contain Simple columnar epithelium with vili and tubular glands in its mucosa layer?

Answer 11

Small intestine

Question 12

Which organ of the GI tract contains simple columnar epithelium with extensive tubular glands in its mucosa layer?

Answer 12

Stomach

Question 13

Which organ of the GI tract contains simple columnar epithelium with tubular glands?

Answer 13

Large intestine

Question 14

What are the 3 main salivary glands?

Answer 14

Parotid, submandibular and sublingual

Question 15

What are the 4 associated organs of the digestive system?

Answer 15

Salivary glands, liver, gall bladder and pancreas

Question 16

What type of secreting cell does the parotid gland contain?

Answer 16

Serous secreting cells

Question 17

What types of secreting cells does the sublingual gland contain?

Answer 17

Mucous and serous secreting cells

Question 18

What types of secreting cells does the submandibular gland contain?

Answer 18

Serous and mucous secreting cells

Question 19

What are the cells of the liver known as

Answer 19

Hepatocytes

Question 20

In what arrangement is a hepatic lobule?

Answer 20

Hexagonal

Question 21

What is found at the corners of the hepatic lobule?

Answer 21

A portal triad

Question 22

What makes up the portal triad of the liver?

Answer 22

A branch of portal vein, a branch of hepatic artery and a bile duct

Question 23

In which direction does blood flow within the hepatic lobule?

Answer 23

from the portal and hepatic arteries to the central vein through sinusoids

Question 24

Why is the pancreas described as a mixed gland?

Answer 24

It contains exocrine and endocrine portions

Question 25

What makes up the exocrine portion of the pancreas?

Answer 25

Serous acini that produce digestive juices, proteases and lipases

Question 26

What makes up the endocrine portion of the pancreas?

Answer 26

The islets of Langerhans that proceed insulin and glucagon

Question 27

How many types of cells are found within the islets of langerhans?

Answer 27

4

Question 28

What type of cell produces glucagon within the islets of Langerhans?

Answer 28

α cells

Question 29

What type of cell produces insulin within the islets of Langerhans?

Answer 29

ß cells

Question 30

What are the 4 main sections of the respiratory system?

Answer 30

Upper respiratory tract, trachea, bronchial tree and lungs

Question 31

What type of epithelium is found in the trachea?

Answer 31

Pseudo-stratified, ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 32

What type of cartilage makes up the tracheal ring?

Answer 32

Hyaline

Question 33

What are the 2 main characteristics of the bronchial wall?

Answer 33

Have large diameter lumen and have hyaline cartilage in their wall

Question 34

What are the 3 main characteristics of the bronchiole wall?

Answer 34

Smaller lumen of airways, have no cartilage in their wall, instead they have smooth muscle predominates

Question 35

What type of epithelium surround the alveoli in the lungs?

Answer 35

Simple, squamous epithelium

Question 36

What is the main functional unit of the kidney called?

Answer 36

The nephron

Question 37

What are the two layers of the kidneys?

Answer 37

Cortex and medulla

Question 38

Which two sections of the nephron are present in the medulla?

Answer 38

The loop of Henle and the collecting duct

Question 39

What 3 sections of the nephron are present in the cortex?

Answer 39

The renal corpuscle (Bowan's capsule and Glomerulus), the proximal convoluted tubule and the distal convoluted tubule

Question 40

What is the name of the arteriole that feeds into the glomerulus called?

Answer 40

The afferent arteriole

Question 41

What is the name of the arteriole that comes out of the glomerulus called?

Answer 41

The efferent arteriole