Reproductive system

Question 1

What is the name given to a male gamete?

Answer 1

Spermatozoa

Question 2

What is the name given to a female gamete?

Answer 2

Oocyte/ovum

Question 3

What are the male gonads?

Answer 3

Testes

Question 4

What are the female gonads?

Answer 4

Ovaries

Question 5

Why type of cell is a gamete?

Answer 5

Haploid cell

Question 6

How many chromosomes are found in a normal gamete?

Answer 6

23

Question 7

What are the 2 regions of the pelvic cavity?

Answer 7

False/greater pelvis
True/lesser pelvis

Question 8

What bones make up the pelvic inlet?

Answer 8

Sacrum
Ileum
Pubic bones

Question 9

What bones make up the pelvic outlet?

Answer 9

Coccyx
Ischial tuberosities
Pubis symphysis

Question 10

What type of tissue makes up the pelvic floor?

Answer 10

Skeletal muscle

Question 11

What does the pelvic floor separate?

Answer 11

The pelvic cavity and the perineum

Question 12

Where is the perineum found?

Answer 12

Inferior to the pelvic floor, between the proximal parts of the lower limbs

Question 13

What are the 3 openings in the pelvic floor for?

Answer 13

The distal alimentary, reproductive and renal tracts to pass through

Question 14

What type of tissue forms the pelvic roof?

Answer 14

Parietal peritoneum; thin serous membrane that secretes fluid

Question 15

What is the parietal peritoneum?

Answer 15

The lining of the abdominal cavity, firmly attached to the walls of the abdomen. It drapes of the pelvic viscera

Question 16

What are the 2 pouches of the parietal peritoneum?

Answer 16

Vesico-uterine pouch
Rectouterine pouch/ Pouch of Douglas

Question 17

Where is the Vesico-uterine pouch found?

Answer 17

Between the bladder and uterus

Question 18

Where is the Rectouterine pouch found?

Answer 18

Between the rectum and the uterus

Question 19

What are the 3 orifices of the female perineum?

Answer 19

External urethral orifice
Vaginal orifice
Anus

Question 20

What are the 3 layers of the uterus wall?

Answer 20

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

Question 21

What is the opening to the uterine/ fallopian tubes called?

Answer 21

Isthmus

Question 22

What is the centre part of the fallopian tube called?

Answer 22

Ampulla

Question 23

What is the widest end of the fallopian tube called?

Answer 23

Infundibulum

Question 24

What are the finger-like projections at the end of the infundibulum called?

Answer 24

Fimbrae

Question 25

What is the opening to the uterus known as?

Answer 25

Cervix

Question 26

What is the most common position of the uterus?

Answer 26

Anteverted and anteflexed

Question 27

What is meant anteverted?

Answer 27

The cervix is tipped anteriorly, relative to the axis of the vagina?

Question 28

What is meant by anteflexed?

Answer 28

Uterus is tipped anteriorly, relative to the axis of the cervix?

Question 29

Where do the ovaries develop?

Answer 29

On the posterior abdominal wall, before moving onto the lateral wall of the pelvis

Question 30

What blood vessel supplies the ovaries?

Answer 30

Ovarian artery, from the posterior abdominal wall, branching from the abdominal aorta

Question 31

What blood vessel supplies the uterus?

Answer 31

Uterine artery, branching from the internal iliac artery

Question 32

What blood vessel supplies the vagina?

Answer 32

Vaginal artery, branching from the uterine artery

Question 33

How is an unfertilised ovum expelled from the uterus?

Answer 33

By contractions of the myometrium

Question 34

Where do the ovaries secrete the matured ovum to?

Answer 34

The peritoneal cavity

Question 35

How is the ovum taken from the peritoneal cavity to the infundibulum?

Answer 35

The fimbrae gather the ovum into the uterine tubes

Question 36

How is the ovum moved through the uterine tube?

Answer 36

By cilia

Question 37

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 37

A pregnancy in which the ovum implants somewhere outside of the uterine cavity

Question 38

What is the danger of an ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 38

Haemorrhage

Question 39

What is the process of female sterilisation?

Answer 39

Tubal ligation

Question 40

What occurs during tubal ligation?

Answer 40

Both uterine tubes are clipped, cut or cauterised, therefore blocking the lumen

Question 41

What is the medical name given to the foreskin?

Answer 41

Prepuce

Question 42

What carries both urine and sperm in the penis, to the external urethral orifice?

Answer 42

Urethra

Question 43

Where do the testes develop?

Answer 43

The posterior wall of the abdominal cavity

Question 44

Where do the testes sit after development and in adulthood?

Answer 44

Scrotum

Question 45

Through what surface do the testes pass when they descend to the scrotum?

Answer 45

The anterior abdominal wall

Question 46

What does descension of the testes through the anterior abdominal wall form?

Answer 46

Inguinal canals

Question 47

What do the inguinal canals leave the abdominal wall at risk of?

Answer 47

Inguinal hernias

Question 48

Where in the testes is sperm produced?

Answer 48

Seminiferous tubules

Question 49

What temperature is maintained in the testes?

Answer 49

Around 1°C below core body temperature

Question 50

What muscle helps with temperature control in the testes?

Answer 50

Dartos muscle

Question 51

How does the dartos muscle control temperature?

Answer 51

Contraction of the dartos muscle leads to a decrease in scrotal surface area, so less heat loss. Relaxation of the dartos muscle leads to an increase in scrotal surface area, so more heat loss can occur

Question 52

What collects the spermatozoa produced by the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 52

Rete testis

Question 53

Where do the sperm pass after the rete testis for storage?

Answer 53

Epididymis

Question 54

What tube carries sperm from the testes and is a continuation of the epididymis?

Answer 54

Vas deferens

Question 55

What 3 components are contained in the spermatic cord?

Answer 55

Vas deferens Testicular artery Pampiniform plexus of veins

Question 56

What blood vessel supplies the testes?

Answer 56

Testicular artery

Question 57

What occurs during torsion of the testis?

Answer 57

The spermatic chord becomes twisted, disrupting blood supply to the testes, leading to severe pain and necrosis

Question 58

What forms the spermatic cord?

Answer 58

Connective tissue

Question 59

What carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder?

Answer 59

Ureter

Question 60

What gland produces seminal fluid?

Answer 60

Seminal gland

Question 61

What is the function of the seminal fluid?

Answer 61

It contains sugars to provide energy for sperm

Question 62

At which duct do sperm from the vas deferens combine with seminal fluid?

Answer 62

Ejaculatory duct

Question 63

Where does the semen pass after the ejaculatory duct?

Answer 63

Through the prostatic urethra, through the prostate gland

Question 64

What occurs in the prostatic urethra?

Answer 64

Urine is drained from the bladder and semen is passed during ejaculation

Question 65

Where does the semen travel from the prostatic urethra, during ejaculation?

Answer 65

Through the spongy urethra and into the build of the penis

Question 66

What type of tissue make up the 3 columns of the penis?

Answer 66

Erectile tissue that contains many small spaces that can fill with blood

Question 67

What are the 2 components of semen?

Answer 67

Seminal fluid and spermatozoa

Question 68

What is the process of male sterilisation?

Answer 68

Vasectomy

Question 69

What occurs during a vasectomy?

Answer 69

The vas deferens is transected and its lumen is sutured closed