Emotions Flashcards
define emotion and components
out-movement
motivation to act, physiological arousal, subjective feeling, changes in thought, changes in expression (body, face)
duchenne smile
genuine smile involving eye muscles
what evidence should be presented when saying something is universal
observed across cultures
observed early in life
observed across species, especially closer evolutionary relatives
demonstrate that it does not require learning or input
what is the evidence for universality of some emotional expressions
collected photos of emotion expression posed and natural and showed to subjects across culture (greater than chance) but cultures were subject to cross-cultural transmission
isolated culture recognized emotions
blind people generate same emotions as us -> evidence no input is needed
facial action coding system
identify facial muscle movement that reflects particular emotions
basic emotions
disgust, anger, sadness, happiness, surprise, fear, contempt
criticism of studying static faces
context in which people make facial expressions matter
more subtle and variety in facial expression in reality
cultural differences in emotion in the US
in response to insult, southerners displayed more anger, were more physiologically arouse and gave stronger shocks to subject
what makes you angry differs based on culture
cultural differences in emotion (emotional display rules)
- americans expressive regardless of authority
- asian/japanese neutral expressive in authority
- asian/japanese less expressive than americans
emotional reactivity and culture (temperament)
- Caucasian infants showed more rapid negative facial expression to dangling toy
- Asian infants less irritable, quicker to stop crying, took longer to reach peak excitement
how does difference in temperament reactions arise
parenting styles
asian: calming method to sooth distress
european: routinely introduce changes and novel stimuli, increases arousal and difficulty sleeping
cultural and emotional valuation
preferred emotional state differs based on culture
European american: higher arousal positive state
chinese: calm
russians value negative emotions (necessary for a good life)
