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PSYCH 1101 > Examples > Flashcards

Examples Flashcards

1
Q

How is this problematic in science?

When you are sitting at a red light, you state that the reason it turns green it is because someone was thinking about it.

A

Unfalsifiable
No counterargument; cannot prove someone was not thinking about it.

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2
Q

How is this problematic in science?

You ignore certain observations in the data that are extreme.

A

sloppy methods

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3
Q

What data collection method is this?

Asking how happy are you?

A

self-report

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4
Q

You sit on playground and document which kids are playing in groups or alone.

Describe 3 parts of study.

A

Observational, field, behavior

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5
Q

You use hidden cameras in the lab to watch subjects while they work on a puzzle.

Describe 3 parts of study.

A

Observational, lab, behavior

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6
Q

You see how much children communicate randomly assigned to competitive game and cooperative game and ask how they feel about their partner.

Describe 3 parts of study.

A

Experimental, lab, self-report

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7
Q

You go in someones room and document how their room looks.

Describe 3 parts of study.

A

Observational, field, behavior

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8
Q

You observe children who already play videogames and see violent behavior.

Describe 3 parts of study.

A

Observational, field, behavior

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9
Q

You randomly assign people to consume violent media and measure proxy (aggressive tasks).

Describe 3 parts of study.

A

Experimental, lab, behavior

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10
Q

You randomly assign people to step on shapa scale and normal scale, and you assess numbers from app.

Describe 3 parts of study.

A

Experiment, field, behavior

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11
Q

You randomly assign researcher to stand X amount away from participant, and you time it takes to pee.

Describe 3 parts of study.

A

Experimental, field, behavior

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12
Q

operational definition of violent media

A

media in any form that involves physical (contact) or verbal abuse as a result of aggressive intentions

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13
Q

Which 6 levels of analysis is this?

Does violent behavior provide advantage in survival?

A

Evolution

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14
Q

Which 6 levels of analysis is this?

What neural mechanisms are associated with violent behavior?

A

biological

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15
Q

Which 6 levels of analysis is this?

Do certain cultures encourage violence?

A

culture

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16
Q

Which 6 levels of analysis is this?

At what age does violence emerge?

A

developmental

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17
Q

Which 6 levels of analysis is this?

Are certain traits are associated with violence?

A

individual differences

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18
Q

After you keep getting shocked, you freeze. Then the tone is played alone and you freeze.

What is this an example of?

A

fear conditioning

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19
Q

What technique would you use to test whether babies can differential between a circle and a square?

A

keep flashing circle then suddenly flash square and see if infant regains interest

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20
Q

A split brain sees a shape and the hands draw the shape. What is the result?

A

each hand only draws what the opposite visual hemisphere saw

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21
Q

A word is flashed to the right visual field. Can he verbalize or draw what he saw?

A

The left hemisphere only receives this information. Can verbalize results because left controls speech.

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22
Q

A word is flashed to the left visual field. Can he verbalize or draw what he saw?

A

The right hemisphere only receives this information. Can only draw results with LEFT hand because right controls left side of the body.

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23
Q

If split brain person is flashed 2 words (compound), what will they draw?

A

Word on the left -> right hemisphere
Draw results with LEFT hand
Word on the right -> left hemisphere
After saying the word on the right, his left hand draws that word
Compound word drawn separately

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24
Q

If split brain person is flashed 2 words and is asked to choose a picture of the word, which one does he choose?

A

Word on the left -> right hemisphere
Points to this word
Word on the right -> left hemisphere
Makes up explanation related to right word

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25
Q

If split brain person is sees a face made of fruit, what would each part see?

A

Left: fruit
Right: face

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26
Q

You try an apple and it is very sour. What building block is this?

A

sensationY

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27
Q

Your brain translates photons from light waves into an image. What building block is this?

A

perception

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28
Q

When you put 2 colors against light and shadow, which one will appear light than it actually is?

A

color under shadow

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29
Q

<—->
>—-<

What illusion is this?

A

muller-lyer illusion

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30
Q

. / __ \
/ __ \

What illusion is this?

A

ponzo

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31
Q

How can you get a child to eat carrots?

A

Tell them its from McDonalds

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32
Q

If you tell adults they are drinking wine from an expensive bottle, will it taste better or worse?

A

better

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32
Q

What is the name of the effect when sound using “Bah” visual looks different when using “Fah” visual

A

mcgurk effect

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32
Q

If someone shocks you, will it feel more painful if it was unintentional or intentional?

A

Intentional

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33
Q

We want to study if language can affect our perception of colors. Is this top-down or bottom-up approach?

A

top-down: judgements and thoughts (higher cognitive processes) influence sensation and perception (lower cognitive processes)

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34
Q

How can you make water look closer to you?

A

manipulate how thirsty you are

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35
Q

If there is a gift card in front of you, how can you get people to throw shorter distances?

A

Make the gift card more valuable

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36
Q
A
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37
Q

When you fall asleep and you wake up suddenly because you think you are falling, during what sleep stage were you in?

A

1

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38
Q

If you are contemplating what you should or shouldn’t do, what structure of the mind is at work?

A

superego

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39
Q

If you are contemplating what you can or can’t I do, what structure of the mind is at work?

A

ego

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40
Q

What defense mechanism is described:

You are unconsciously violent and you end up becoming a surgeon.

A

sublimation

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41
Q

What defense mechanism is described:

You are angry and instead of taking it out on your boss, you kick your dog.

A

displacement

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42
Q

What defense mechanism is described:

Your significant other made you mad and you take it out by being rude to your younger brother.

A

displacement

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43
Q

What defense mechanism is described:

A man may be gay, but that is unacceptable to him so he calls everyone else gay.

A

projection

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44
Q

Which memory stage is this:

You hear a cough.

A

sensory memory

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45
Q

Which memory stage is this:

If someone is talking and you are not paying attention, and they what did they just say, what can you recall and from where?

A

last few words, sensory memory

46
Q

Which memory stage is this:

You hear a cough and you are told to count them.

A

short-term memory

47
Q

What phenomenon is happening?

Background scene slowly changes and you do not notice although you are paying attention.

A

change blindness

48
Q

What strategy do phone numbers use to make them more memorable?

A

chunking

49
Q

In a list of 20 words, which ones are least remembered?

A

middle

50
Q

In a list of 20 words, which ones are remembered the most?

A

first words (in long-term) then last words (in short-term)

51
Q

How can you use depth-of-processing to remember words better?

A

focus on the meaning of the word rather than how it sounds

52
Q

If you remember something in your bedroom but forget when you go to the bathroom, how can you remember what it was again?

A

try to go back to the place you remembered it, bedroom

53
Q

You are given a list of words: green, apple, water, drink, smoothie

You falsely remember that food was on the list. What is this effect?

A

deese-roediger-mcdermot experimental paradigm

54
Q

There is a group of people aged 19, 40 and 70. Rank happiness based on trends (U-bend).

A

70 > 19 > 40

55
Q

in the long-term, are lottery winners and accident victims happy?

A

yes

56
Q

You keep chasing happy things and buying things to try to be happier but in the end your happiness is the same as before. What is this effect called?

A

hedonic treadmill

57
Q

What measure of happiness it this:

How happy are you?

A

emotional

58
Q

What measure of happiness it this:

How satisfied with life are you?

A

cognitive

59
Q

70K while others make 65K
75K while others make 80K

Which option do people usually take and why?

A

the first one, people prefer to make more than others

60
Q

After hearing the clock ticking so often, you get used to it and do not pay attention to it anymore.

What type of learning is this?

A

habitual

61
Q

After wearing a ring for so long, you stop feeling it on your finger.

What type of learning is this?

A

sensory adaptation (NOT HABITUAL, biological)

62
Q

After you keep getting shocked, you freeze. Then the tone is played alone and you freeze because you associate the tone with the shock.

What type of learning is this?

A

classical conditioning

63
Q

Dogs salivate when they see food. After ringing a bell to signal food was coming, dogs started to salivate when they heard the bell.

What aspect of this is the unconditioned stimulus?

A

food

64
Q

Dogs salivate when they see food. After ringing a bell to signal food was coming, dogs started to salivate when they heard the bell.

What aspect of this is the unconditioned response?

A

salivation in response to food

65
Q

Dogs salivate when they see food. After ringing a bell to signal food was coming, dogs started to salivate when they heard the bell.

What aspect of this is the conditioned stimulus?

A

bell

66
Q

Dogs salivate when they see food. After ringing a bell to signal food was coming, dogs started to salivate when they heard the bell.

What aspect of this is the conditioned response?

A

salivation in response to bell

67
Q

If you associate the ringing of bell with a shock, how can you unlearn this association?

A

have bell ring and not get shocked

68
Q

Dogs salivate when they see food. After ringing a bell to signal food was coming, dogs started to salivate when they heard the bell. If change the tone of the bell, how will this affect their response?

A

more similar tones will cause most response
more dissimilar tones will cause less response

69
Q

How can you get rid of a spider phobia?

A

repeatedly expose person to spiders that will not cause fear response

70
Q

A cat is trapped in a box and is rewarded when he gets out when pressing lever. The time it takes for the cat to press the lever decreases.

What type of learning of this?

A

operant conditioning

71
Q

If an animal is standing on a pad that shocks them, and they press a lever that stops the shock, is this positive, negative reinforcement or punishment?

A

negative reinforcement

72
Q

If an animal presses a lever, it will shock them, and they learn not to press it. Is this positive, negative reinforcement or punishment?

A

punishment

73
Q

You get free coffee after 10 purchase. What partial reinforcement is this?

A

fixed ratio

74
Q

You get free coffee after 10 or 5 of 3 purchases at random. What partial reinforcement is this?

A

variable ratio

75
Q

You get free coffee after 10 hours of work. What partial reinforcement is this?

A

fixed interval

76
Q

What partial reinforcement is gambling (slot machines)?

A

variable interval

77
Q

How can you get a crying baby to sleep?

A

ignore it (ferber method), if you pick it up they will be on a partial reinforcement schedule

78
Q

which emotion is easiest to recognize across culture

A

happiness then surprise

79
Q

which emotion is hardest to recognize across culture

A

sadness

80
Q

if you look at children books in asian culture, how state would the characters most likely be in?

A

calm, relaxed

81
Q

if you look at children books in european culture, how state would the characters most likely be in?

A

high arousal, positive smiles

82
Q

if you look at children books in russian culture, how state would the characters most likely be in?

A

both negative and positive

83
Q

What is the difference between disagreeing about flavored ice cream versus disagreeing about murder?

A

we believe one is fundamentally, morally wrong

84
Q

Which of the following would people agree that diversity is not desirable for?

Ethnicity
Views on gun control
SES
Views on abortion

A

Views on gun control and abortion

85
Q

What phenomenon is this: Science discovers that evolution can explain sexual assault and people interpret it as a justification for behavior.

A

naturalistic fallacy

86
Q

What example of empathy is this?

You shrink back your own leg and feel pain when someone else’s leg gets hurt.

A

instinctive empathy

87
Q

Are you more likely to feel empathy for someone who broke their leg in front of you or from reading a story about it?

A

in front of you

88
Q

What phenomenon occurs when you think in basketball, the person should pass the ball to someone who has made 5 shots in a row?

A

hot hand effect

89
Q

what is the effect when you think the coin should be heads after 10 tails in a row?

A

gamblers fallacy

90
Q

You believe that geese are better than ducks. You hear good facts about both of them. Which facts are you more likely to remember?

A

facts about geese

91
Q

If you want someone to pick the most expensive car painting choice, when would you present the default as the most expensive?

A

at the end of the meeting

92
Q

Why do we see 5 heads in a row as not random?

A

clustering illusion

93
Q

Why do we see multiple songs from a playlist in a row as NOT random?

A

clustering illusion

94
Q

How can you test a stereotype that elderly people are bad at driving?

A

pay attention to good driving and bad driving for both old and young

95
Q

what is the average IQ score

A

100

96
Q

Who will have better fluid intelligence: college student or grandma

A

college student

97
Q

what does it mean when 80% of IQ is heritable

A

80% of the variation of IQ is due to genetic variation in a population

98
Q

You are told to determine sentence for someone in prison. You do it in a group. How would your conclusion as a group differ individually? What effect is this?

A

conclusion made as group more extreme; higher sentence

group polarization

99
Q

You are meant to debate on if guns should be allowed. How will this affect people with mild opinions? What effect is this?

A

people will leave with more extreme attitudes, attitude polarizaiton

100
Q

If we wear a shirt with a stain on it, how will the spotlight effect influence how we think other people behaved?

A

we would think more people saw it than they actually did

101
Q

why do we fill our bag up more than what we need

A

we are overconfident in our predictions of our own performance

102
Q

Someone with little experience driving will think they are a great driver. What effect is this?

A

dunning-kruger effect

103
Q

If you show a child from ages 2 - 6 a clay ball being stretched out, will they claim that the ball or sausage is longer?

A

sausage (conservation problem)

104
Q

If a glass of water is poured into a taller, thinner glass, children below age 7 generally say what?

A

there is more water

105
Q

What is the phenomenon occurring when we think losing 100 dollars is worse than gaining 100 dollars? We are less risky with losing money.

A

loss aversion

106
Q

If someone sees a person tripping and falling, they might attribute the fall to the person’s clumsiness or lack of coordination (internal factors) rather than considering that the floor might have been slippery (external factor).

What phenomenon is this?

A

fundamental attribution error

107
Q

If we show the right hemisphere a picture and ask the split brain patient what she saw, what will they say?

A

nothing because left side controls speech

108
Q

What is causing us to not see all the tiny scratches on the lenses of our glasses?

A

sensory adaptation

109
Q

Why dont we feel the weight of our clothes?

A

sensory adaptation

110
Q

What effect is this: walking more slowly after solving a puzzle with the answer being grandma

A

priming

111
Q

What type of attention is needed: searching task

A

sustained attention to maintain focus

112
Q

What type of attention is needed: focusing on the speed meter on a car

A

spatial attention

113
Q

once you have learned a new mobile number, it is often very difficult to recall your old number.
what effect

A

retroactive interference (new information causes you to forget old)

PSYCH 1101 (16 decks)

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