Brain

Question 1

neuroscience vs. psychology

Answer 1

neuro: study of brain (functions)
psych: study of mind (how brain works to inform the mind)

Question 2

astonishing hypothesis

Answer 2

mental activities are due to behavior of nerve cells

Question 3

philosophical dualism

Answer 3

nature of the mind is different from the body

Question 4

intuitive dualism

Answer 4

we occupy bodies so thinking of the mind and bodies should be natural

Question 5

localization

Answer 5

certain parts of the brain are responsible for different functions

Question 6

types of neurons

Answer 6

sensory, motor, interneurons

Question 7

how did they discover how many neurons there are

Answer 7

took brain and put into blender to average neuron distribution, sampled and counted 86 million

Question 8

how is intensity of neuron measured

Answer 8

number of neurons firing and frequency of firing

Question 9

outline path of signal

Answer 9

dendrites -> axon covered in myelin sheath -> axon terminal

Question 10

what is a neurotransmitter

Answer 10

chemical messengers that send signals across neurons
can be excitatory (more likely to fire) or inhibitory (less likely to fire)

Question 11

acetylcholine

Answer 11

stimulates muscle movement, memory, arousal, attention and mood

Question 12

dopamine

Answer 12

1/4 monoamines
excite and inhibit
reinforcement learning, attention, movement, reward, pleasure, addition

Question 13

serotonin

Answer 13

mood, sleep, impulsivity, aggression, appetite

Question 14

noreiphephrine/noradrenaline

Answer 14

eating habits, alertness, wakefulness, fight-or-flight

Question 15

gamma-aminobutyric acid

Answer 15

main inhibitory neurotransmitter
low levels = anxiety

Question 16

endorphins

Answer 16

relief from pain or stress of exercise, pleasure of eating, well-being

Question 17

beta blocker drugs

Answer 17

blocks target chemicals for anxiety noreiphephrine (fight and flight)

Question 18

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Answer 18

increase serotonin by inhibiting the reuptake of

Question 19

agonist drugs

Answer 19

bind to receptors to produce a similar response

Question 20

antagonist

Answer 20

binds to receptors to inhibit a response

Question 21

how drugs increase neurotransmitters

Answer 21

influence chemical precursor of transmitter substance to increase production of neurotransmitter
drug prevents storage of transmitters in vesicles, increasing neurotransmitter floating around

Question 22

how drugs decrease neurotransmitters

Answer 22

inhibit or stimulate release of transmitter substance
block postsynaptic receptors

Question 23

amphetamine

Answer 23

take up space in vesicles
increase dopamine outside

Question 24

drugs that boost dopamine

Answer 24

cocaine and amphetamine

Question 25

how does amphetamine psychosis arise

Answer 25

delusions and hallucinations resulting from too much dopamine

Question 26

how can schizophrenia be improved (hallucinations and delusions)

Answer 26

using drugs that reduce dopamine

Question 27

how does tardive dyskinesia arise

Answer 27

uncontrollable shaking from too little dopamine

Question 28

how can Parkinsons be improved (uncontrollable movement)

Answer 28

increasing levels of dopamine (cocaine)

Question 29

what part of brain is responsible for speech

Answer 29

Broca’s area

Question 30

what part of the brain is responsible for language comprehension

Answer 30

wernicke’s area

Question 31

what part of brain is responsible for memory and hearing

Answer 31

temporal lobe (hippocampus)

Question 32

what part of brain is responsible for vision

Answer 32

occipital lobe

Question 33

what part of brain is responsible for body sensations and visual attention

Answer 33

parietal lobe

Question 34

what part of brain is responsible for motor movement and problem-solving

Answer 34

frontal lobe

Question 35

what part of brain is responsible for voluntary muscles

Answer 35

motor area

Question 36

what part of brain is responsible for skin sensations

Answer 36

sensory area

Question 37

what part of brain is responsible for consciousness and heart-rate

Answer 37

brain stem

Question 38

what part of brain is responsible for posture and balance

Answer 38

cerebellum

Question 39

neuroplasticity

Answer 39

changes in physical structure and functional organization of brain due to experience
learning causes neurons that fire and wire together

Question 40

other evidence for neuroplasticity

Answer 40

after brain damage, another part of the brain picks up that function
changes in amygdala due to post-traumatic stress
greater when younger

Question 41

what is the left hemisphere responsible for

Answer 41

numbers, language, speech, scientific skills, right-hand, reasoning

Question 42

what is right hemisphere responsible for

Answer 42

3D, art and music awareness, imagination, left-hand, face recognition

Question 43

corpus callosum

Answer 43

bundle of nerves that connects the two hemispheres

Question 44

what is function lateralization

Answer 44

function dominance in one hemisphere of the brain over the other

Question 45

what is contralateral mean

Answer 45

one side of brain controls OTHER side of body

Question 46

why do we have 2 hemispheres

Answer 46

we are bilateral

Question 47

sensory information in your right visual field gets went to where

Answer 47

left hemisphere

Question 48

seizure or epilepsy

Answer 48

abnormal brain cell activity (electrical storm)

Question 49

implications of identity of split brain

Answer 49

both parts of brain contribute to identity

Question 50

4 parts of central nervous system

Answer 50

Forebrain, Midbrain, hindbrain, spinal cord

Question 51

peripheral nervous system

Answer 51

somatic (volitional actions) and autonomic nervous systems (involuntary)