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PSYCH 1101 > Sleep, dreams, Freud > Flashcards

Sleep, dreams, Freud Flashcards

1
Q

on average, how much of our lives do we spend sleeping?

A

36%

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2
Q

circadian rhythms

A

rhythmic cycles corresponding to roughly 24-hour periods and occur naturally

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3
Q

how do we know that our circadian rhythm is 24 hours

A

people put into room without clocks or windows, and they go to bed later and wake up later every day

original studies: let people have electric lights, presence of lights affect biology of sleep

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4
Q

how do we measure sleep

A

EEG: placing electrodes on scalp to measure electrical activity; rough estimates of psychological states

also need to measure muscle electrical activity and eye movement (ECG)

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5
Q

State 1 of sleep

A

brief transition stage when first falling asleep (hypnagogia), slower muscle activity

theta waves

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6
Q

State 2 - 4

A

2: sleep spindles and K complex
3/4: delta waves
slow-wave sleep
deeper stages of sleep
characterized by increasing percentage of slow, irregular, high-amplitude delta-waves

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7
Q

cycle back stage of sleep

A

after about 90 minutes after 3/4 stage, sleep lightens and returns to stage 2 then REM

(1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 3 -> 2 -> REM -> 2 …)
4-5 cycles are typical

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8
Q

REM sleep

A

characterized by EEG patterns that resemble beta waves of alert wakefulness
muscles most relaxed / paralyzed
rapid eye movement
dreams

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9
Q

how does sleep walking occur (somnambulism)

A

the mechanism to paralyze muscles during REM does not get shut off

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10
Q

how is REM sleep waves different than awake brain waves

A

both are beta but REM has some sawtooth wave patterns

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11
Q

hypnagogia

A

transition from sleep to wakefulness
induce hallucinations, thoughts, dreams

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12
Q

how does sleep paralysis occur

A

mechanism for paralyzing muscles starts too early during hypnagogia

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13
Q

lucid dreaming

A

awareness that you are dreaming (REM) during a dream

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14
Q

how studies study lucid dreaming

A

studies show ability to communicate between dreamer and external observation

strapped goggles to people sleeping and shine light over eyes when they enter REM sleep and people sleeping would remember they were in a lab

participants would do a predetermined pattern of eye movement to let the scientists know that they know they are sleeping

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15
Q

functions of sleep for 2-3 year olds

A

brain grows rapidly (building + strengthening synapses during REM)

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16
Q

functions of sleep after 3+

A

switches from brain building to brain maintenance and repair

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17
Q

when people are lucid dreaming, how does time change

A

it does not

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18
Q

why do we sleep

A

conserve calorie energy (not plausible explanation)
restoration of body
memory consolidation and strengthening/neural synthesis

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19
Q

how much sleep do newborns need

A

16 hours

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20
Q

how much sleep do 6 year olds need

A

11-12 hours

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21
Q

how much sleep do adults need

A

8

22
Q

insomnia

A

difficulty falling / staying asleep

23
Q

sleep apnea

A

disorder where person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep

24
Q

narcolepsy

A

disorder where sudden sleep attacks (REM) occur in middle of waking activities

25
Q

night terrors

A

abrupt awakenings with panic and intense emotional arousal; non-REM parasomnia (during slow wave sleep)

26
Q

REM behavior disorder (RBD)

A

people act out their dreams

27
Q

what happens when you get 5 or less hours of sleep

A

increase hunger hormone and weight, sustained stress and suppressed immunity

28
Q

problems with Freud

A

unscientific
very broad conclusions were wrong
unfalsifiable claims (unobservable features of the mind)
did not measure behavior (used self reporting)
looked at small sample of people who had psychosis

29
Q

Freud’s BIG theory of the mind

A

tries to understand everything
unconscious mind: basic, often hidden, motivations that influence all aspects of psychology

30
Q

Freud’s contributions

A

willingness to discuss pleasure and sexuality seen as taboo
first to bring child development to psychology

31
Q

origins of psychoanalysis

A

talking therapy
patient came with physical symptoms that could not be explained by medicine/science or physical mechanisms such as glove paralysis
after therapy, symptoms of hysteria or conversion disorder started to disappear

32
Q

Freud’s structural theory of the mind

A

id, ego and superego

33
Q

describe Id

A

driven instinct, present from birth
unconscious
does not distinguish between reality and fantasy
operates based on pleasure

34
Q

describe ego

A

develops out of id in infancy when they realize they cannot have anything they want
self, personality
operates based on reality and logic

35
Q

describe superego

A

conscious, sense of right or wrong
internalization of society’s moral standards
responsible for guilt

36
Q

hydraulic metaphor

A

Id is source of motivation and is pushing on ego and superego

37
Q

list stages of child development (Freud) and related ages

A

oral: birth - 1
anal: 1 - 3
phallic: 3 - 5
latency: 5 - puberty
genital: past puberty

38
Q

describe oral stage

A

pleasure: breast-feeding (mouth)
if weaning or removing breast-feeding is done wrong -> fixation
fixation: personality characterized by passivity, gullibility, immaturity, unrealistic optimism

39
Q

describe anal stage

A

pleasure: anus
if toilet training is done wrong -> fixation
fixation: retentive or expulsive behaviors, compulsiveness (concerned with neatness and order) (keeping in feces)

40
Q

describe phallic stage

A

pleasure: genitals
oedipus/electra complex
fixation: excessive masculinity in males and need for attention or domination in female

41
Q

oedipus complex

A

desire for sexual involvement with parent of opposite sex and rivalry with parent of same sex
- father competition of attention from mother (boys)
- castration anxiety
- if cannot beat father so then identifies with father
superego formed

42
Q

why did freud think women had weaker moral sense

A

they did not go through oedipus complex, weaker superego

43
Q

describe latency stage

A

pleasure: hobbies, school, same-sex friendships
sexuality is repressed

44
Q

describe genital stage

A

pleasure: love and work
sexual feelings re-emerge, oriented towards others
fixation: pleasure from earlier stages

45
Q

describe Freud’s theory of personality

A

ego then superego emerge as a way for the child to deal with the impulses of id
dynamic unconscious (id) explains personality differences

46
Q

describe Freud’s defense mechanisms

A

unconscious mental processes employed by ego to reduce anxiety and impulses caused by id
ego is filter that prevents id’s desire to come out in true form

47
Q

sublimation

A

shifting to activities that are valued by society

48
Q

displacement

A

re-direction of shameful thoughts to more “appropriate targets” (less powerful)

49
Q

projection

A

reducing anxiety by attributing unacceptable impulses to someone else

50
Q

Freud’s theory of dreams

A

ego cannot filter id, dreams are window to unconscious (id)

PSYCH 1101 (16 decks)

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