Emotions

Question 1

Define emotions

Answer 1

A short lived complex reaction pattern, involving experiental, behavioural and physiological elements, by which an individual attempts to deal with a personally signficiant matter or event

Question 2

Affect

Answer 2

Any mental state involving an evaluative relationship with the environment.

Question 3

Emotion

Answer 3

Usually relatively intense and short lived affective condition which involves taking an evaluative position with respect to an intentional object

Question 4

Mood

Answer 4

usually less intense and longer lasting affective state which is not directed at any specific object, reflecting more diffuse and generalized evaluative processes

Question 5

Affective well-being

Answer 5

generalised evaluation of affect that is more enduring than mood. Severe affective wellbeing is a feature of effective disorders

Question 6

What is the structure of emotion

Answer 6

Reaction to stimulus
Appraisal
Organisation of response

Question 7

List the two models of emotions

Answer 7

Discrete/categorical - basic emotions
Dimensional - emotions on two different axis

Question 8

Discrete/categorical models

Answer 8

We all have a set of basic and fundamental emotions
They are innate, universal and irreducible, and they correspond to specific neurophysiological systems
Facial expressions are universally recognisable

Question 9

What are Elkman’s six basic emotions?

Answer 9

Suprise, anger, sadness, disgust, fear, happiness

Question 10

What about pluchik’s?

Answer 10

Acceptance/trust, expectancy/anticipation.

Question 11

Dimensional models - circumplex model of affect

Answer 11

Suggetss that emotion arise from two dimensions
These dimensions are please and arousal
Each emotion is the linear combination of these two dimensions
Happiness=high pleasure and moderate arousal
Anxiety = low pleasure and high arousal

Question 12

Darwin’s theory of emotion

Answer 12

Emotions are innate, unrealrned, biological responses
Emotion s evolved
Feelings of fear - fight/flight
Feeling of love - seek mates and reproduce
Emotion expression consistent across species.

Question 13

James-lange theory

Answer 13

Emotions are the experience of the sets of bodily changes that occur in response to emotive cues in the world
1. emotion producing situations elicit appropriate set of physiological responses and behaviours
2. brain recieves sensory feedback from muscles and organs producing these responses
Feelings of emotions consist of this feedback

Question 14

Criticisms of this theory

Answer 14

Cannon suggested autonomic activity does not differentiate all emotion states. Some bodily changes occur in non-emotional states such as fever and exposure to cold

Question 15

Cannon-bard theory

Answer 15

This a thalamic theory of emotion
Hypothalamus is the brain region involved in emotional response to stimuli
Physiological changes and subjective emotion occur simultaneously.
Responses are inhibited by neocortical regions
Removal of cortex allows uncontrolled emotion displays

Question 16

Schachter and Singers Two factor theory

Answer 16

Psychological arousal does not explain all emotional reactions and can be interpreted as any emotion
Physiological arousal requires cognitive assessment to determine whether the state of arousal corresponds to anger, happiness, fear and so on.
Emotions determined jointly by perception of physiological responses and cognitive appraisal.

Question 17

Barret and Gross - Modal model of emotions

Answer 17

Suggested that emotions are generated through the process of situation, attention, appraisal and respond.

Question 18

Situation

Answer 18

situation can be real or imagined

Question 19

Attention

Answer 19

is direct towards the emotional situation

Question 20

Apprsaised

Answer 20

either conciously or unconsciously in terms of what it means in relation to an individuals goals
Generates an emotional response, which leads to change in experiential, behavioural and physiological response systems.

Question 21

Emotions can vary in their…

Answer 21

valence
arousal

Question 22

people vary in their

Answer 22

affectivity, hedonic capacity, affective style, emotional reactivity

Question 22

affective style

Answer 22

dispositional way of emotionally responding to an event

Question 22

affectivity

Answer 22

degree to which they experience emotions

Question 22

hedonic capacity

Answer 22

capability to feel goof

Question 22

emotions as social processes

Answer 22

social factors are implicated in emotion Our emotions affect other people Emotions elicit social sharing of emotions

Question 23

emotional reactivity

Answer 23

the threshold magnitude, rise time, recovery function and duration of an emotional reaction

Question 23

Emotion contagion

Answer 23

The tendency to automatically mimic and synchronise expressions, vocalisations, postures and movements with those of another person's, and consequently, to convery emotionally

Question 23

mixed emotions

Answer 23

co-occurance of two or more positive and negative affects

Question 23

complex emotions

Answer 23

defined as any emotions that is an aggregate of two or more emotions.

Question 23

Motor mimicry

Answer 23

merely percieving a behaviour can be enough to make others behave similairly People often automatically mimic the gestures of other people around them Emotions communicated through unintentional imitation of expressive gestures, is a process known as motor mimicry

Question 23

What are the two processes in which emotion contagion can happen

Answer 23

Reactile: automatic Inferential: conscious

Question 23

Social appraisal

Answer 23

Physical mimicry of expressions not neccessarily required for emotion contagion Social appraisal occurs when we understand the implication of others emotional expressions which affects our appraisal of the same objects and events