Endo 1

Question 1

triad of DKA

Answer 1

anion gap metabolic acidosis
ketonemia
hyperglycemia

Question 2

signs of volume depletion in both DKA and HHS include
5

Answer 2

decreased skin turgor
dry axillae and oral mucosa
low JVP
tachycardia
hypotension

Question 3

physiologic causes of hyperprolactinemia
3

Answer 3

pregnancy
breastfeeding
stress

Question 4

pheochromocytoma

Answer 4

rare hormone-releasing adrenal tumor that generally occurs in persons age 20-50

Question 5

addison’s disease

Answer 5

aka primary adrenal insufficiency, is a rare disease in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough essential hormones, resulting in mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid deficiency

Question 6

aka primary adrenal insufficiency, is a rare disease in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough essential hormones, resulting in mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid deficiency

Answer 6

Addison’s disease

Question 7

fatigue, weight loss, GI issues, depression, hyperpigmentations, salt craving - think

Answer 7

Addison’s disease

Question 8

addison’s disease - electrolytes
3

Answer 8

hyponatremia
hyperkalemia
hypercalcemia

Question 9

cushing’s disease

Answer 9

pituitary hypersecretion of ACTH

Question 10

pituitary hypersecretion of ACTH

Answer 10

Cushing’s disease

Question 11

Cushing’s disease s/sx
9

Answer 11

increased adipose tissues - moon face, neck (buffalo hump), above the clavicles
easily bruised
striae
skin atrophy
fungal infections
hyperpigmentation
weight gain
HTN
fractures

Question 12

cushing’s syndrome electrolytes
2

Answer 12

hypokalemia
hypernatremia

Question 13

initial first line test for cushing’s disease

Answer 13

late night salivary cortisol (two measurements), 24 hour urinary free cortisol excretion (two measurements), or the overnight 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test

Question 14

criteria for pre DM
3

Answer 14

• A1c between 5.7-6.4
  OR
• fasting glucose 100-125
  OR
• 2 hour OGTT 140-199

Question 15

dx criteria for DM
4

Answer 15

• A1c 6.5 or greater
  OR
  -FPG 126 or greater
  OR
• classic symptoms of hyperglycemia + random blood glucose 200 or more
  OR
• 2 hour plasma glucose 200 or more during OGTT

Question 16

preferred screening test for evaluating for protein excretion (DM)

Answer 16

urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio

Question 17

FBG for DM patients

Answer 17

80-130

Question 18

postprandial glucose goal for DM patients

Answer 18

< 180

Question 19

DM BP goal

Answer 19

<130/80

Question 20

when to hold metformin for IV contrast dye testing

Answer 20

hold metformin on day of procedure and 48 hours after

Question 21

sulfonylureas MOA
3

Answer 21

stimulates the beta cells of the pancreas to secrete more insulin; reduced glucose output from the liver; insulin sensitivity is increased

Question 22

which DM med is not to be used in patients with HF

Answer 22

TZD

Question 23

DM med that may cause pancreatitis; associated with benign and malignant thyroid C cell tumors

Answer 23

GLP 1 receptor agonists - exenatide/Byetta, liraglutide/Victoza

Question 24

avoid in patients with frequent bacterial UTIs or yeast infection - DM med

Answer 24

SGLT2 inhibitors

Question 25

-gliflozin

Answer 25

SGLT2 I

Question 26

which two DM meds should be avoided together

Answer 26

GLP 1 and DPP4

Question 27

rapid acting insulin

Answer 27

humalog - insulin lispro

Question 28

short acting insulin

Answer 28

regular insulin - give 30 mins before meals

Question 29

intermediate acting insulin

Answer 29

NPH

Question 30

NPH insulin needs to be administered at least ____ a day

Answer 30

twice

Question 31

basal insulin 2

Answer 31

Lantus - glargine Levermir - detemir

Question 32

basal insulin is given how often

Answer 32

once a day at the same time

Question 33

in patients with CVD and/or CKD, HFfEF - consider what DM meds

Answer 33

SLGT2 I and/or GLP1 receptor agonist