GU 1 Flashcards
AKI is characterized by what
rapid decrease in renal function and elevated serum creatinine
AKI - patient presents with
6
onset of oliguria
edema
weight gain (fluid retention)
lethargy
nausea
loss of appetite
some of the most common causes of drug induced AKI include
5
aminoglycosides
contrast agents
NSAIDs
ACE inhibitors
protease inhibitors
acute pyelonephritis - patient presents with
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acute onset of high fever
chills
NV
dysuria
frequent urination
unilateral flank pain
elderly patient who smokes presents with painless hematuria
think bladder cancer
classic triad for rhabdomyolysis
acute onset of muscle pain
muscle weakness
dark urine (myoglobinuria)
water is reabsorbed back into the body by the action of
2
antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone
creatinine is the
product of creatine metabolism in skeletal muscle
normal creatinine values - males and females
males - 0.7 to 1.3
females - 0.6 to 1.1
serum creatinine levels may be falsely decreased in people with
low muscle volume/older adults
creatinine clearance ___ urine test
24 hour urine test
creatinine clearance is a test ordered to evaluate patients with
3
proteinuria
albuminuria
microalbuminuria
best test to measure kidney function
eGFR
normal eGFR
> 90 ml/min
eGFR - a value of what indicates CKD
<60 ml/min for at least 3 months
the GFR is the
amount of fluid filtered by the glomerulus within a certain unit of time
what is a better measure of renal function than BUN or BUN to creatinine ratio (BUN:Cr)
serum creatinine
how is urea made
the liver breaks down amino acids into ammonia and then converts it into urea
BUN is a measure of what
the kidneys’ ability to excrete urea (waste product of protein metabolism)
if the kidneys are damaged or the renal blood flow is decreased, what happens to urea levels
becomes elevated
what is relatively constant and is not affected by fluid status, diet, or exercise
creatinine clearance
what is not at a constant rate and may increase with a high protein diet and enhanced tissue breakdown
urea production (BUN)
a decrease in the blood flow of the kidneys will ____ the BUN:Cr ratio
increase
BUN-to-creatinine ratio is used to help evaluate what
3
dehydration
hypovolemia
AKI
