Respiratory 1

Question 1

most common symptom of acute carbon monoxide poisoning

Answer 1

headache

Question 2

lung cancer - what should raise suspicion on a smoker or former smoker

Answer 2

cough

Question 3

most common type of lung cancer

Answer 3

non-small-cell lung cancer

Question 4

screen for lung cancer with CT in who

Answer 4

adults 50-80 years old, who have a 20 pack year smoking dx and currently smoke or have quit in the past 15 years

Question 5

soft, low pitched breath sounds, heard over most of the peripheral field

Answer 5

vesicular breath sounds

Question 6

gold standard test for asthma and COPD

Answer 6

pulmonary function testing

Question 7

forced expiratory volume in 1 second FEV1

Answer 7

amount of air that a person can forcefully exhale in 1 second

Question 8

forced vital capacity FVC

Answer 8

total amount of air that can be exhaled during the FEV1 test

Question 9

Asthma is a disease characterized by

Answer 9

chronic airway inflammation

Question 10

which meds classes can trigger asthma
4

Answer 10

NSAIDs
BBs
ACEI
certain eye drops

Question 11

first line drugs for asthma are

Answer 11

inhaled corticosteroids ICSs

Question 12

___ when used alone, increase the risk of death from asthma

Answer 12

LABAs; a combo of LABA and ICS is safer

Question 13

intermittent asthma should be treated with

Answer 13

SABA as needed (e.g. albuterol)

Question 14

asthma step 2 - add what

Answer 14

low dose ICS

Question 15

asthma step 3 - add what

Answer 15

LABA with ICS; keep SABA prn

Question 16

GINA 2020 rescue inhaler recs

Answer 16

prefer ICS-formoterol; albuterol or SABA monotherapy is discouraged, but can be used as an alternative rescue drug

Question 17

intermittent asthma - night awakenings

Answer 17

occur 2 or more times per month

Question 18

exercise induced bronchoconstriction - premediate how

Answer 18

5-20 mins before exercise w/ two puffs of a SABA (-buterols); effect will last up to 4 hours

Question 19

maximal rate that a patient can exhale during a short maximal expiratory effort after a full inspiration

Answer 19

peak expiratory flow rate

Question 20

PEF rate is based on

Answer 20

HAS - height, age, and sex

Question 21

PEF rate measures

Answer 21

effectiveness of treatment, worsening symptoms, and exacerbations

Question 22

PEF rate - patients are asked to monitor and record their PEF how often

Answer 22

2-4 times daily for two weeks (ideally when asthma is controlled)

Question 23

asthma green zone

Answer 23

80-100% of personal best PEF; no wheeze or couhg; sleeps through the night; can work and play; continue daily controller meds

Question 24

asthma yellow zone

Answer 24

50-80% of personal best PEF; mild wheeze, tight chest, cough at night

Question 25

asthma red zone

Answer 25

<50% of personal best PEF; signifies warning or medical alert; breathing hard and fast

Question 26

what is ipratropium

Answer 26

Atorvent; short acting antimuscarinic SAMA

Question 27

chronic lung disease characterized by the permanent loss of elastic recoil of the lungs, inflammation, airflow limitation, and changes in pulmonary vasculature

Answer 27

COPD

Question 28

most characteristic symptom of COPD

Answer 28

chronic and progressive dyspnea

Question 29

chronic bronchitis

Answer 29

coughing with excessive mucus production for 3 or more months for a minimum of 2 or more consecutive years

Question 30

emphysema

Answer 30

irreversible enlargement and alveolar damage with loss of elastic recoil resulting in chronic hyperinflation of the lungs

Question 31

increased anterior-posterior diameter is to

Answer 31

emphysema findings

Question 32

emphysema objective findings 6

Answer 32

1. increases AP diameter 2. decreased breath and heart sounds 3. use of accessory muscles to breathe 4. pursed lip breathing 5. prolonged expiratory phase 6. weight loss