Endocrine Drugs

Question 1

Short acting Insulins:

Answer 1

Just regular insulin

Question 2

Intermediate acting Insulins:

Answer 2

NPH

Question 3

Long acting insulins

Answer 3

Glargine, Detemir

Question 4

Metformin use

Answer 4

First line in type 2 DM. decreases gluconeogenesis, increases glycolysis, increases peripheral glucose uptake

Question 5

Metformin toxicity

Answer 5

GI upset, lactic acidosis (don’t give in renal failure)

Question 6

First Gen Sulfonylureas Names:

Answer 6

Tolbutamide, Chlorpropamide

Question 7

Second Gen Sulfonylureas Names:

Answer 7

Glyburide, Glimepiride, Glipizide (short acting)

Question 8

Sulfonylureas mechanism and use

Answer 8

Close K channels in beta-cells to depolarize cells and trigger insulin release. Used only in DM2.

Question 9

Sulfonylureas toxicities

Answer 9

first gen no one cares: disulfiram effects

second gen is hypoglycemia

Question 10

Glitaones names and mech

Answer 10

(-glitazone) Pioglitazone. increase insulin sensitivity via binding PPAR-gamma nuclear receptor

Question 11

Glitazone use

Answer 11

monotherapy or combo in diabetes type 2

Question 12

Glitazone tox

Answer 12

weight gain, edema, hepatotox, heart failure

Question 13

Acarbose/Miglitol

Answer 13

alpha glucosidase inhibitors on brush boarder, stop sugar absorption. used in type 2 DM

Question 14

Amylin mech and us

Answer 14

decreases glucagon. DM1/2

Question 15

GLP1 analog/DPP4 inhib

Answer 15

(-tide)(-gliptin) increase insulin and decrease glucagon for DM2

Question 16

Propylthiouracil, methimazole mech and use

Answer 16

Use: hyperthyroid
Mech: both-inhib peroxidase from organification of iodine to make T4. Propylthiouracil also blocks 5’-deiodinase to block peripheral T4->T3

Question 17

Propylthiouracil/ methimazole toxicities

Answer 17

skin rash, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis
Propyl: hepatotox
Methimazole: teratogen

Question 18

Levothyroxine, triiodothyronine

Answer 18

Thyroxine replacement for hypothyroid. May cause tachycardia, heat intolerance, tremors, arrhythmias

Question 19

Turner syndrome give them?

Answer 19

GH (still won’t cause preggo)

Question 20

Octreotide

Answer 20

Somatostatin: ACromegaly, carcionoid, gastrionoma, glucagonoma, esophageal varices

Question 21

oxytocin

Answer 21

stim labor, uterine contractions, milk letdown, control utermine hemorrhage

Question 22

Demeclocycline

Answer 22

ADH antagonist (tetracycline antibiotic), given in SIADH. tox: nephrogenic DI, photosensitivity, abnormal of bones and teeth

Question 23

Glucocorticoids names

Answer 23

hydrocortizone, prednisone, triamcinolone, dexamethasone, beclomethasone

Question 24

glucocorticoid mech

Answer 24

inhib phospholipase A2 and COX2 (no PG, LT)

Question 25

Glucocorticoid uses

Answer 25

Addisons, inflammation, immune suppression, asthma

Question 26

Glucocorticoid Tox

Answer 26

abrupt withdrawl causes adrenal insufficiency | can cause iatrogenic cushings (buffalo hump, moon face truncal obesity, muscle wasitng, thin skin)

Question 27

Rapid Acting Insulins

Answer 27

LAG: Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine