endocrine histology

Question 1

what connects pituitary gland to hypothalamus

Answer 1

infundibulum

Question 2

what is proper name for ant. pituitary

Answer 2

adenohypophysis

Question 3

3 types of cell in adenohypophyissi histology

Answer 3

chromophobes 50%
acidophils 40%
basophils 10%

Question 4

what are Herring bodies

Answer 4

axon bulgings, containing secretory granules, spheroid, eosinophilic

Question 5

what is name for post. pituitary

Answer 5

neurohypophysis

Question 6

adenoma histology in pituitary

Answer 6

monotonous pattern, uniform cells

Question 7

most comon adenomas in anterior pituitary

Answer 7

lactotroph amd somatotroph

Question 8

which cells produce parathyroid hormone

Answer 8

chief

Question 9

functional unit of the thyroid

Answer 9

follicle

Question 10

what cells are in between thyroid follices

Answer 10

C (clear) cell

Question 11

what is in colloid

Answer 11

iodinated thyroglubulin

Question 12

what is t4

Answer 12

thyroxine

Question 13

what do Clear cells secrete

Answer 13

calcitonin

Question 14

normal morphology of thyroid follicular epithelial cells

Answer 14

cuboidal or low columnar

Question 15

Graves disease histology

Answer 15

Diffuse hypertrophy and hyperplasia of follicular cells (tall and columnar and more crowded) —results in papillary formation which project into the lumen.

Lymphoid infiltration (mostly T cells) into the thyroid stroma

Cells often are enlarged and can show cytoplasmic eosinophilia, with enlarged nuclei and can mimic the nuclei of papillary thyroid carcinoma (no fibrovascular cores)

The colloid shows scalloping reflecting increased use of the colloid to produce thyroxin

Question 16

hashimoto antigen against

Answer 16

follicular cells

Question 17

moprhology of hashimoto

Answer 17

eosinophilic epithelial Hurthle cells (big, granular, oncocytes) and fibrotic bands.

Question 18

goitre?

Answer 18

graves
Hashimoto BUT eventually atrophy

Question 19

Answer 19

scalloping Graves disease, colloid is atrophied

Question 20

which is widest zona in adrenal gland

Answer 20

fasciculat

Question 21

Answer 21

Question 22

chromaffin cells are called becuase

Answer 22

stain with chromium

Question 23

origin of chromaffin cells

Answer 23

neurones

Question 24

where are chromaffin cells

Answer 24

adrenal medulla

Question 25

chromaffin cells produce

Answer 25

adrenaline

Question 26

functional adenomas in adrenal cortex cause

Answer 26

Cushings

Question 27

stimulants (2) of ZG

Answer 27

K levels and angiotensin 2

Question 28

difference between Cushings syndrom and disease

Answer 28

???

Question 29

ZF cells are filled with

Answer 29

lipid droplets

Question 30

what is addisons disease

Answer 30

autoimmune
adrenal hypofunction
degeneration of the cortex

Question 31

histopathology of addisons

Answer 31

Atrophic glands

Fibrosis of adrenal capsule

No differentiation of the cortical epithelial areas and the medulla (below)

Marked lymphocytic infiltration (autoimmune)

Question 32

pheocromocytoma means

Answer 32

dark colour tumour

Question 33

pheochromocytoma location

Answer 33

medulla

Question 34

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism

Answer 34

High blood pressure, Headache, Heavy sweating, Rapid heartbeat, Tremors
Pallor, Shortness of breath
Panic attack-type symptoms

Question 35

exocrine pancreas produces

Answer 35

digestive enzyems

Question 36

endocrine pancreas prodyces

Answer 36

insulin
glucagon
pancreatic polypeptides

Question 37

histopathology DMt1

Answer 37

shrunken and fewer islets

Question 38

DT2 what can you see

Answer 38

amyloid deposits