acid base balance

Question 1

long term acidosis can lead to which organ failure?

Answer 1

kidney failure

Question 2

acute acidosis problem ion

Answer 2

hyperkalemia

Question 3

ingested acid eg aa’s is called

Answer 3

titrable acid

Question 4

methanol poisoning which acid do you get

Answer 4

formic acid

Question 5

CO poisoning

Answer 5

lactic acidosis

Question 6

hypotension/hypoxia

Answer 6

impaired aerobic respiration ->anaerobic -> lactic acidosis

Question 7

diabetes or starvation

Answer 7

beta hydroxybutarate or acetoacetate

Question 8

what do strong acids do in water

Answer 8

completely dissociated

Question 9

desire to breathe is goverened by

Answer 9

pCO2 and low pH

Question 10

breathing off C02 does not regenerate…

Answer 10

bicarbonate buffer

Question 11

vast majority of bicarb is reabsorbed at

Answer 11

proximal tubule

Question 12

ammonium is made from

Answer 12

glutamine -> glutamate-> alpha ketoglutarate picks up protons

Question 13

2 buffers in urine/kidneys

Answer 13

ammonium and phosphate (from diet)

Question 14

resp acidosis/alkalosis primarily prob with which gas

Answer 14

CO2

Question 15

met acidosis primary prob

Answer 15

low bicarb

Question 16

high anion gap

Answer 16

added acid eg meths

Question 17

normal anion gap

Answer 17

loss of bicarb

Question 18

what electrolytes normally measured

Answer 18

K+, Na+, HCO3-, Cl-

Question 19

how to calculate anion gap

Answer 19

K and Na - Bicarb and Cl

Question 20

normal anion gap

Answer 20

normally diarrhoea - loss of bicarb

Question 21

high anion gap

Answer 21

added acid

Question 22

metabolic acidosis

Answer 22

H

Question 23

when arterial blood gas

Answer 23

resp distress

Question 24

ABE

Answer 24

how much base needs to be added to get pH to normal

Question 25

abg artery

Answer 25

radial

Question 26

hyperventilation

Answer 26

alkalosis, low CO2 !!!O2 should be normal

Question 27

target sats in copd

Answer 27

88-92

Question 28

asthmatic becomes acidotic

Answer 28

very worrying - they're gettin tired

Question 29

resp acidosis (3)

Answer 29

reduced ventilation drive tired asthmatic opiates neuromusc or chest wall disease - kyphoscoliosed

Question 30

why calculate anion gap

Answer 30

decide whether loss of bicarb or added acid

Question 31

what is normal anion gap

Answer 31

12-16 mmol/l

Question 32

young pt met acidosis high anion gap

Answer 32

think DKA

Question 33

raised lactate

Answer 33

tissue hypoxia/poor perfusion altered cellular resp e.g. ischaemic bowel or diabetic foot about to drop off

Question 34

moribund

Answer 34

grey, deathly

Question 35

high potassium in acidosis could indicate…

Answer 35

renal failure

Question 36

metabolic acidosis ->>>>>

Answer 36

CALCULATE ANION GAP

Question 37

why is anion gap normal in bicarb diarrhoea

Answer 37

CL-rises to rectify electrical neutrality

Question 38

what is renal tubular acidosis

Answer 38

1) distal - can't get rid of H+ 2) proximal can't resorb bicarb 4) hyperkalemic - diabetics

Question 39

consequences of acidosis acute (4) chronic (3)

Answer 39

Question 40

why kidney stones in acidotic

Answer 40

calciuria bone resorption

Question 41

long term steroid can indiuce

Answer 41

hyperaldosteronism because adrenal insufficiency - H+ is lost Cushing’s, mania, diabetes, all sorts of shit