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CCHM 2 > ENDOCRINE - PART 3 > Flashcards

ENDOCRINE - PART 3 Flashcards

(113 cards)

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1
Q

function of ovary towards testosterone and androstenedione

A

testosterone —-> converts to estradiol
androstenedione —> estrone

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2
Q

what are the transport proteins for sex hormones

A

sex hormone-binding globulin
corticosteroid-binding globulin
albumin

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3
Q

sex hormone-binding globulin transports what sex hormones

A

androgens and estrogens

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4
Q

corticosteroid-binding globulin

A

progesterone and glucocorticoids

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5
Q

sex hormone transport protein mnemonics

A

SABECoBehPatayGutom (eh)

Sex hormone - Aldosterone
Binding globulin - estrogen

Corticosteroid - Binding globulin
–Progesterone and glucocorticoids

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6
Q

testosterone

a steroid hormone mainly synthesized by the ___ cells of the testis

A

leydig cells

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7
Q

the principal androgen hormone in the blood

A

testosterone

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8
Q

the most potent male androgen

A

testosterone

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9
Q

the secretion of testosterone is regulated by

A

LH

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10
Q

how many percent of testosterone is free and not bound to protein

A

5% only

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11
Q

function of testosterone

A

growth and development of the reproductive system, prostate, and external genitalia

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12
Q

pattern and peak time of testosterone production

A

circadian pattern - peak at 8 am low at 8 pm

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13
Q

effect of obesity to testosterone level

A

decrease plasma level

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14
Q

transport proteins of testosterone

A

albumin 50%
SHBG - 45%

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15
Q

which concentration of testosterone will determine the level of total testosterone

A

concentration of binding proteins

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16
Q

the most severe form of androgen resistance syndrome resulting in lack of testosterone action in the target tissue

A

testicular feminization syndrome

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17
Q

the physical development pursues the female phenotype with fully developed breast and female distribution of fat and hair

A

testicular feminization syndrome

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18
Q

this gonadal disorder has no utility or response to administration of exogenous testosterone

A

testicular feminization syndrome

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19
Q

this gonadal disorder is characterized by lack of germ cells

A

sertoli-cell only syndrome

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20
Q

this gonadal syndrome has a clinical manifestation of men having small testes, high FSH levels, azoospermia , and normal testosterone

A

sertoli cell-only syndrome

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21
Q

this gonadal disorder’s only way to confirm the diagnosis is testicular biopsy

A

sertoli-cell syndrome

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22
Q

this gonadal disorder is a result of an inherited x-linked recessive trait that manifests as hypogonadism during puberty

A

kallmann syndrome

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23
Q

associated defects of a patient with kallmann syndrome

A

anosmia and midline defects (cleft palate and lip)

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24
Q

it is a condition of involving “three manifestations” affecting both males and females with chronic hypogonadism

A

athlete’s triad

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25
the 3 manifestation of athlete's triad to male
bone loss, impaired reproductive system and low energy
26
the 3 manifestation of athlete's triad to female
bone loss, amenorrhea, and eating disorder
27
it is the principal androgen formed by the adrenal cortex
dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
28
DHEA is primarily derived from what organ
adrenal gland
29
is a carbon 18 steroid hormone that have a phenol A ring
estrogen
30
it arises through structural alteration of the testosterone molecule
estrogen
31
is estrogen still be able to produce in menopausal ?
nope, that's why tumataas naman si fsh non kasi inhibitor yan siya
32
function of estrogen
promotion of breast development maturation of the external genitalia deposition of the body fat termination of linear growth (2ndary sexual characteristic in femake)
33
estrogen and ___ they are both essential in uterine growth, regulation of menstrual cycle, and maintenance of pregnancy
progesterone
34
deficiency of estrogen will cause
irregular and incomplete development of endometrium
35
precursor of estrogen
acetate, cholesterol, progesterone, and testosterone
36
what are the forms of estrogen
estrone E1 estradiol E2 estriol E3 estetrol E4
37
the most abundant estrogen in post menopausal women
estrone E1
38
estrone is a metabolite of
intraovarian and extra glandular conversion
39
is the precursor of both E1 and E3
estradiol E2
40
the most potent estrogen secreted by the ovary; major estrogen
estradiol E2
41
the most abundant estrogen in pre-menopausal women
estradiol E2
42
this form of estrogen is synthesized in the testosterone then diffuses out of the thecal cells of the ovaries in female
estradiol E2
43
this form of estrogen is used to assess ovarian function and serves as a negative feedback for FSH
estradiol E2
44
high estradiol means
poor ovarian reserve When the ovarian reserve is low (meaning fewer viable follicles), the body sometimes produces higher levels of estradiol from remaining follicles in an effort to compensate. So: Fewer follicles, but they may overproduce estradiol. The body "tries harder" with limited resources.
45
estriol is a metabolite of
estradiol E2
46
the form of estrogen that is found in maternal urine
estriol E3
47
estriol E3, aside from being metabolite of E2, it is a metabolite as well of
intraovarian and extra glandular conversion, same with E1
48
the major estrogen secreted by the placenta during pregnancy
estriol E3
49
the formation of estriol during pregnancy is depended on
fetal and placental function
50
this estrogen is used to assess the fetoplacental unit, postdate gestations, and intrauterine retardation
estriol
51
this estrogen promotes uteroplacental blood flow as potently as other estrogens
estriol
52
this estrogen is used as a marker for down syndrome
estriol E3
53
this estrogen is a natural steroid that is produced by the human fetal liver
estetrol E4
53
54
this is a human natural estrogen and discovered in urines of pregnant women (aside from estriol )
estetrol
55
this estrogen is only produced during pregnancy and it reaches maternal circulation through the placenta
estetrol
56
studies shows that this estrogen may be used as an oral contraceptive though specific functions in the human body are yet known
estetrol
57
estetrol is mainly secreted only in
urine rather than tru the biliary route urine mainly
58
is a carbon 21 compound in the steroid family
progesterone
59
produced mainly by the granulose (lutein) cells of the corpus luteum in females
progesterone
60
it is a prime secretory product of the ovary including estrogen
progesterone
61
the dominant hormone responsible for the luteal phase cycle among females
progesterone
62
used primarily in fertility evaluation in females
progesterone
63
it serves to prepare the uterus for pregnancy and the lobules of the breast for lactation
progesterone
64
it is the intermediate in the synthesis of adrenal steroid and androstenedione
progesterone
65
deficiency of progesterone will cause
failure of implantation of embryo kasi nga diba si progesterone is responsible sa preparation of uterus in pregnancy
66
what are the test for male infertility
testosterone, FSH, LH, and semen analysis
67
tests for female infertility
estradiol, progesterone, HCG, PRL, FT4, TSH, FSH, and LH
68
tests for menstrual cycle dysfunction and anovulation
estrogen, progesterone, FSH, and LH
69
excess production of androgens in female will result to
hirsutism, defiminization, virilization
70
it is a digestive gland in the gastrointestinal system
pancreas
71
2 function of pancreas
exocrine and endocrine
72
this function of pancreas is for the synthesis of digestive enzymes
exocrine gland
73
functional secretory unit of exocrine gland of pancreas
acinus
74
this function of pancreas is for synthesis of hormones
endocrine gland
75
pancreatic cells and their percentage
alpha cells - 20-30% beta cells - 60-70% delta cells - 2-8%
76
alpha cells secrete
glucagon
77
beta cells secrete
insulin
78
delta cells secrete
somatostatin
79
this pancreatic cell is responsible in both inhibition of insulin and glucagon
somatostatin
80
it is a peptide secreted by the G cells of the antrum of the stomach
gastrin
81
it is released in response to vagal stimulation and food in the stomach
gastrin
82
it causes secretion of the HCL by parietal cells in the body of the stomach
gastrin
83
it is the diagnostic marker for zollinger-ellison syndrome (islet cell tumor )
gastrin
84
major stimulus of gastrin
presence of amino acids
85
gherlin it is a polypeptide hormone that is mainly produced in the __
stomach
86
it is the hunger hormone, that stimulates appetite primarily by the actions in the hypothalamus
gherlin
87
aside from the stomach, gherlin isalso synthesized in the
heart, lungs, immune system, hypothalamus, and pituitary glands
88
ghrelin will stimulates production of ___
glucagon and somatotrophin secretion bale glucose lover si ghrelin
89
it is produced by the trophoblast cells of the placenta during pregnancy
human chorionic gonadotropin
90
called as LH-like hormone as it is similar to beta sub unit of LH
HCG
91
it serves to maintain progesterone production by the corpus luteum in the early pregnancy
HCG
92
it is functionally, structurally , and immunologically similar to GH and PRL
human placental lactogen
93
it stimulates the development of mammary gland
human placental lactogen
94
relationship of human placenta lactogen to insulin and glucose level
increases maternal plasma glucose level inhibits insulin promotes positive nitrogen balance
95
important in the diagnosis of uterine growth retardation
human placental lactogen
96
a reproductive system hormone which inhibits FSH activity and is fourth down syndrome marler
inhibin A
97
it is an amine derived from hydroxylation and decarboxylation of tryptophan
serotonin (5-hydroxytryotamine)
98
it is synthesized by argentaffin cells primarily in GI tract
serotonin
99
serotonin (5 hydroxytyrptamine) is found in high concentration in the __
pineal gland and CNS
100
is a diagnostic marker in carcinoid syndrome
5-hiaa
101
relationship of serotonin in coagulation
binds to platelet and released during coagulation
102
serotonin rich food such as banana, pineapple, tomato, and avocado, increase the urinary excretion of __
5-HIAA
103
urinary metabolite of serotinin
5-HIAA , 5 hydroxyindoleaceticacid
104
test for 5-HIAA
ehrlich's aldehyde test (purple positive)
105
somatostatin is synthesized in two tissue sources, what are they
hypothalamus and pancreatic alpha cells
106
the pancreatic form of somatostatin is an ___
insulin-inhibiting hormone
107
there can be an interference of biotin in endocrine hormone measurement, so we need a fasting of __ hr to remove it's effect
8 hrs
108
whole blood sample is used for what hormone
LH and testosterone
109
serum sample is used for what hormone
DHEA, FSH, GH, HCG , aldosterone, androstenedione, estrogen, and progesterone
110
urine sample is used for what hormone
estriol
111
for gastrin, sample must be ___ immediately since it is unstable
frozen
112

CCHM 2 (30 decks)

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