endocrine pwp 1 phys

Question 1

protein based hormone location of receptor

Answer 1

cell membrane surface

Question 2

is a protein based hormone bound to a carrier protein?

what is the result of this?

Answer 2

no

because of this they have shorter half lifes

Question 3

how long are the effects of a protein based hormone compared to a steroid hormone?

Answer 3

the steroid lasts longer than a protein based

Question 4

the effect that protein hormone has on a cells target is

Answer 4

increase of cell metabolism

Question 5

the effect that a steroid hormone has on target cell is

Answer 5

increased protein synthesis

Question 6

the mechanism of action of a protein hormone?

Answer 6

1. G protein associated with receptor
2. production of second messenger
3. increased/decreased enzymatic activity in cell

Question 7

the mechanism of action of a steroid hormone

Answer 7

Activation of specific genes

DNA-mRNA

Question 8

steroid hormones increase what?

Answer 8

protein synthesis

Question 9

do protein carries have a longer half life? AND why?

Answer 9

yes because of being bounded to a carrier protein

Question 10

location of receptor of a steroid based hormone

Answer 10

intracellular/intranuclear

Question 11

when a persons hormone increases their receptors this is known as

Answer 11

up regulation

Question 12

What is the process called when prolactin increases its receptors in the breast?

Answer 12

up regulation of receptors

Question 13

an adult with NIDDM will have a decrease in receptors for insulin on adipose tissue:
this process is known as

Answer 13

down regulation

Question 14

sensitivity of a target tissue can e changed in one of two ways

Answer 14

changing the number of receptors

changing the number of receptors

Question 15

dose response relationship is a direct relationship meaning that as the dose increases what happens to the response?

Answer 15

in will increase

Question 16

dose is referring to the

Answer 16

concentration of the hormone

Question 17

what must a target cell posses in order for it to react?

Answer 17

a specific receptor for it

Question 18

these proteins are essential for mediating the hormonal response

Answer 18

steroid hormones

Question 19

a second messenger is used in protein hormones as a

Answer 19

mediator of the hormonal response

Question 20

in a protein hormone response what is altered within the cell?

Answer 20

activity or concentration of enzymes, carrier proteins

Question 21

what is the role of a G-protein?

Answer 21

it links the hormone receptor to the second messenger mechanism

Question 22

the process of protein hormone producing a second messenger

Answer 22

hormone –> receptor –> G protein —> enzyme –> 2nd messenger

Question 23

what Enzyme is responsible for stimulating cAMP?

Answer 23

adenylyl cyclase

Question 24

cAMP is a common

Answer 24

2nd messenger

Question 25

what does cAMP activate?

Answer 25

protein kinase A

Question 26

Protein kinase A leads to teh

Answer 26

phosphorylation that either activates or inactivates target enzymes

Question 27

endocrine system is the primary system that

Answer 27

maintains homeostasis

Question 28

paracrine

Answer 28

cells secrete products to extracellular fluid of neighboring cells

Question 29

autocrine

Answer 29

cell secretion products affect the function of the same cell be binding to cell surface receptors (self regulation)

Question 30

cytokine

Answer 30

secreted cell proteins can function as autocrine or paracrines, or endocrines and often act on a broad spectrum of target cells (immune response)

Question 31

neuroendocrine

Answer 31

secretions products from neurons --> circulating blood and influence the function of target cells some distance away

Question 32

endocrine

Answer 32

hormones released from specialized glands or cells reach bllod and influence glands at a distance away

Question 33

neural

Answer 33

NT are released at the synaptic junction and act locally (RAPID)

Question 34

endocrine rate of response vs nervous system?

Answer 34

endocrine is prolonged while neuro is rapid

Question 35

hormones are released directly into

Answer 35

the tissue fluids and NOT through ducts

Question 36

systemic effect hormones

Answer 36

growth hormone thyroid hormone insulin

Question 37

Local effect hormones

Answer 37

TSH | Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)

Question 38

if a hormone stimulates a specific hormone is it known as a

Answer 38

local effect

Question 39

can cells have MANY receptors to MANY other hormones?

Answer 39

yes

Question 40

target cells are equipped with protein receptors with what characteristics?

Answer 40

high affinity and specificity

Question 41

amines are a derivative of

Answer 41

tyrosine

Question 42

inactive hormone is called a

Answer 42

prohormone