vasculature of the spinal cord

Question 1

spinal arteries arise from which part of the vertebral artery?

Answer 1

4th part

Question 2

do you have 1 or 2 anterior spinal arteries?

Answer 2

1

Question 3

do you have 1 or 2 posterior spinal arteries

Answer 3

2

Question 4

where do the posterior spinal arteries run?

Answer 4

posterolateral sulci

Question 5

where does the anterior spinal artery run?

Answer 5

anterior median fissure

Question 6

How many longitudinal arteries arise from the 4th part of the vertebral artery?

Answer 6

3

Question 7

where does the posterior spinal arteries arise from?

Answer 7

PICA or sometimes the vertebral artery

Question 8

segmental arteries are branches of what arteries?

Answer 8

deep cervical, ascending cervical, posterior intercostal, lumbar and lateral sacral arteries.

Question 9

What do the segmental arteries travel with in the IVF’s?

Answer 9

spinal nerves

Question 10

what are the two main groups of the segmental arteries?

Answer 10

medullary and radicular

Question 11

out of the medullary and radicular which arteries run deep along the roots?

Answer 11

radicular

Question 12

radicular arteries supply what?

Answer 12

the ventral and dorsal roots of the spinal nerves

Question 13

anterior segmental medullary arteries anastomose with what artery?

Answer 13

anterior spinal artery

Question 14

the posterior segmental medullary arteries anastomose with what arteries?

Answer 14

posterior spinal arteries

Question 15

what arteries run on top of the radicular arteries?

Answer 15

medullary

Question 16

what does Adamkiewicz stand for?

Answer 16

the greater segmental medullary artery at the level of T9 on the left side of 65% of ppl.

Question 17

what is the job of The great anterior segmental medullary artery of Adamkiewicz

Answer 17

reinforces the circulation to lower 2/3 of spinal cord (lumbar and sacral cord areas)

Question 18

The great anterior segmental medullary artery of Adamkiewicz is also known as?

Answer 18

arteria radicularis magna ( and great radicular artery of Adamkiewicz).

Question 19

how many spinal veins are located on the posterior and anterior portion of the spinal cord?

Answer 19

3 and 3 = 6 in total spinal veins

Question 20

where do the 6 spinal veins drain into ?

Answer 20

the medullary and radicular veins and then in to the IVVP

Question 21

what does the mnemonic R&R stand for

Answer 21

rootlets= radicular

Question 22

Batson’s venous plexus is a network of____________ veins in the human body that connect the deep pelvic veins and thoracic veins to the_______ .

Answer 22

1. valveless

2. internal vertebral venous plexuses

Question 23

pathway of IVVP drainage?

Answer 23

Intervertabral veins –> segmental veins –> systemic circulation

Question 24

the IVVP communicates inferiorly with what>

Answer 24

pelvic veins

Question 25

the IVVP communicates superiorly with what?

Answer 25

dural sinuses

Question 26

the IVVP communicates inferiorly with what in the thoracic and lumbar region ?

Answer 26

azygos vein and IVC (inferior vena cava)

Question 27

where is a site that METS likes to go in espcially cancer of the lungs, breast, and prostate and CNS?

Answer 27

IVVP

Question 28

ischemia of the spinal cord will result in what kind of symptoms?

Answer 28

anesthesia, muscular weakness and paralysis.

Question 29

name the superior boundary of the IVF

Answer 29

inferior vertebral notch

Question 30

name the inferior boundary of the IVF

Answer 30

superior vertebral notch

Question 31

name the anterior boundary of the IVF

Answer 31

vertebral bodies and IVDs.

Question 32

name the posterior boundary of the IVF

Answer 32

ligamentum flavum and Z joints.

Question 33

what are the contents of the IVF's?

Answer 33

Spinal nerve roots. Dorsal root ganglia. Radicular arteries, segmental medullary arteries and associated veins.

Question 34

Which ligament is located between the lamina and tends to calcify as adults become Old.

Answer 34

Ligamentum flavum

Question 35

what would cause the IVF to narrow?

Answer 35

oseophytes and hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum

Question 36

how many rexed lamina are there?

Answer 36

10

Question 37

which of the lamina contain sensory neurons GSA and GVA?

Answer 37

1-4

Question 38

which of the lamina are located in all spinal cord levels?

Answer 38

1-5

Question 39

what does lamina 1 hold?

Answer 39

marginal zone nuclei

Question 40

lamina 2/substantia gelatinosa is for?

Answer 40

neurons that respond to pain sensation and temperatures sensations

Question 41

what is released by the central process of nociceptors as a neurotransmitter?

Answer 41

substance P

Question 42

why does the substantia gelatenosa start at C2 and not c1?

Answer 42

because C1 is purely motor

Question 43

Lamina 3 and 4 contain what nuclei?

Answer 43

nucleus proprius aka proper sensory nucleus

Question 44

recieve what kind of information?

Answer 44

receives afferent information regarding proprioception and vibration.

Question 45

Lamina V: respond to

Answer 45

visceral afferent stimulation (GVA).

Question 46

Lamina VI | Present only in

Answer 46

cervical & lumbar regions

Question 47

Lamina VI Respond to

Answer 47

mechanical signals from joints and skin

Question 48

Lamina VII Forms what zone?

Answer 48

the Intermediate Zone between dorsal & ventral horns.

Question 49

Lamina VII contains which nuclei?

Answer 49

the intermediolateral nucleus, and the intermediomedial nucleus, and Clarke’s column (aka nucleus dorsalis).

Question 50

``` Intermediolateral Nucleus (GVE) Contains cell bodies of? ```

Answer 50

preganglionic sympathetic neurons : Sympathetic Outflow

Question 51

Intermediolateral Nucleus (GVE)n is located where on teh vertebral body?

Answer 51

the lateral horn

Question 52

lateral horns are only present in which vertebra?

Answer 52

t1-L2

Question 53

is the sacral region the Intermediolateral Nucleus (GVE) | contain cell bodies of?

Answer 53

preganglionic parasympathetic neurons: Sacral Parasympathetic Outflow

Question 54

The Intermediomedial Nucleus | fiber are both?

Answer 54

GVE and GVA

Question 55

Which lamina holds Clarke’s nucleus primarily?

Answer 55

7

Question 56

Dorsal Nucleus of Clark (Clark’s Column= Nucleus Dorsalis) | Extent is

Answer 56

C8 - L3 spinal cord segments

Question 57

Dorsal Nucleus of Clark (Clark’s Column= Nucleus Dorsalis) is an origin for which tract?

Answer 57

dorsal spinocerebellar tracts

Question 58

Laminae VIII & IX | Located in which horn of the vertebral body?

Answer 58

ventral horn

Question 59

which of the lamina receives information from interneurons/internuncial involved in motor reflexes?

Answer 59

Lamina 8

Question 60

lamina 9is known as what

Answer 60

the main motor pool

Question 61

what is held within the main motor pool?

Answer 61

LMN

Question 62

the medial group of Lamina 9 supplies which region of muscles of the body?

Answer 62

axial musculature (neck and trunk) and procimal limbs

Question 63

the lateral group of lamina 9 supplies which group of muscles of the body?

Answer 63

distal muscles of the limbs

Question 64

the central group of lamina 9 supplies which muscle region?

Answer 64

Diaphragm (C3-5; phrenic nerve) and SCM and Trapezius Muscles (Spinal Accessory nerve)

Question 65

when considering the organization of the lamination in the dorsal column what area is more medial, sacral or cervical?

Answer 65

sacral

Question 66

when considering the organization of the lamination in the lateral corticospinal tract and anterolateral system what area is more medial, sacral or cervical?

Answer 66

cervical

Question 67

Lamina X | Composed of

Answer 67

neurons that form the gray commissure around the central canal.