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trisemester 3 TCC > LE gait analysis > Flashcards

LE gait analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

definiton of gait

A

sequential movement of limbs

with bipedal biaphasic locomotion

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2
Q

stance phase is what kind of kinetic chain?

A

weight bearing aka closed kinetic chain

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3
Q

swing phase is what kind of kinetic chain?

A

non-weight bearing (open kinetic chain)

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4
Q

gait cycle is defined as?

A

sequential occurence of stance and swing phase for a single limb

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5
Q

phases of normal gait cycle: walking

A

stance and swing

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6
Q

stance phase is composed of which subphases

A

double and single support

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7
Q

percentage of stance phase

A

60%

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8
Q

% of single support

A

40

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9
Q

% of double support

A

10 for 2 cycles = 20%

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10
Q

swing phase % of gait cycle

A

40

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11
Q

phases of normal gait cycle while running

A

stance, float, swing

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12
Q

% of stance phase for running gait cycle

A

40

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13
Q

% for float phase during normal gait cycle for running

A

15 X 2 phases = 30

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14
Q

% of swing phase during normal gait cycle for running

A

30

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15
Q

there is NO _____ phase during running

A

double support

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16
Q

180 rule states what?

A

NO double support once hit 180 steps per minute

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17
Q

step lenth is the measurement between?

A

the heel of one foot to the heel of the other foot

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18
Q

step length what influences the step?

A

injuries to LE will altar the step length

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19
Q

step length determined by

A 
height
sex
shape of bony components
joint mobility
muscles length/strength
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20
Q

stride length

A

distance between the heel of one foot to the heel of the same foot.
represent one complete gait cycle for ONE leg

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21
Q

stride length consists of how many steps?

A

2

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22
Q

do women and men walk at the same velocity with a faster steps?

A

yes

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23
Q

step width

A

distance between the medial aspect of one foot ti the medial aspect of the opposite foot

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24
Q

when would the demand for increased width be present?

A

elderly
small children
neurological pathology

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25
degree of toe out
angle of foot placement during the stance phase,
26
the angle of toe out for men should be
5-7 deg.
27
what is the deg. of toe out for women?
8-10 deg.
28
what can decrease the toe out angle
increased walking speed
29
what influences the deg. of toe out?
muscular tension and shape of bony components
30
determinants of gait
cadence step duration walking or running speed (velocity)
31
cadence:
measure in steps per minute time
32
what may cause a decrease in the step duration?
weakness or pain on the affected side and increased duration on the unaffected side
33
step duration
measures in seconds per step > how long it takes a person to complete complete a step
34
velocity of walking or running computed by?
cadence (steps/min) X step length (in/step)
35
A person with a 60-inch step walking with a cadence of 100 steps/min would have a walking velocity of
6000 in/min
36
when running toe out is decreased to
less than 3 deg.
37
open kinetic chain
occurs when the distal segment is unfixed and the proximal segment is fixed
38
leg curls is considered what?
open kinetic chain
39
swing phases is consideres what kine of kinetic chain?
open
40
closed kinetic chain is defined as?
distal segment is fixed while the proximal is unfixed
41
knee squats are known as OKC or CKC?
closed kinetic chain
42
gait phases of double support time
initial contact & loading response
43
gait phases of single support time
midstance & terminal stance
44
hip kinematics in gait cycle when flexed
negative rotation about the x-axis in the yz plane
45
hip kinematics in gait cycle when extended?
postive rotation about the x axis about the yz plane
46
during heel strike what is the osteokinematics of gait during walking?
max hip flexion (neg.) | 20-30 deg.
47
during loading response what is the osteokinematics of gait during walking?
hip extending (pos.)
48
during late mid-stance what is the osteokinematics of gait during walking?
max hip extension (10 deg.)
49
during toe off through midswing what is the osteokinematics of gait during walking
hip flexing to bring leg through
50
during terminal swing what is the osteokinematics of gait during walking?
maximum hip flexion (20-30 deg)
51
knee kinematics in gait cycle during extension is?
negative rotation about the x-axis in the yz plane
52
knee kinematics in gait cycle during flexion?
is positive rotation about the x axis in the yz plane
53
initial contact is when the knee is in _____ _______?
maximum extention
54
Loading response is when the knee is in slight ______?
flexion
55
mid-swing is when the knee is in max ____?
flexion
56
plantar flexion is ____ rotation along what axis?
positive (PP) | along the x axis in the yz plane
57
dorsiflexion is _____ rotation along which axis?
negative rotation about the x axis in the yz plane
58
max dorsiflexion occurs in?
Late mid stance
59
subtalar jt. deg. of supination at heel strike?
2-3 deg.
60
sub-talar jt. during early midstance
pronation at 3-4 deg.
61
sub-talar jt. during middle mid-stance?
neutral position attained
62
sub-talar jt. during Late mid stance -> toe off?
supinated at 2-3 deg. at heel off
63
ground reaction force?
force along the z axis | verticle force measured at heel strike and throughout the stance phase
64
ground shear forces?
along the x axis (M-L) and y axes (A-P) | represents the medial to lateral and anterior to medial stability
65
which force is the highest in normal gait cycle?
impact force
66
injured superior gluteal nerve will cause what?
trendelenburg sign: | stance leg is injured
67
overpronation is when
the foot rolls more than 15 deg. inward and toe off occurs mostly over the big toe
68
oversupination is when the foot
fails to roll inwards during initial loading response
69
stappage gait occurs when which nerve is damaged?
common fibular nerve > paralysis of dorsiflexors and evertors
70
steppage gate is clinically observed by?
no heel strike but instead there is toe strike
71
foot slap is when there is damage to which nerve?
deep fibular nerve > paralysis of just dorsiflexors not the evertors which can slightly evert the foot
72
which part of the gait cycle is affected when there is damage to the superior gluteal nerve?
single leg stance phase
73
ground reaction forces are forces along
z axis. these are the highest forces
74
which a-p and p-a forces are the ______ largest forces and are along the ____ axes?
second | y
75
Describe the ankle osteokinematics during the normal walking gait
At initial contact, the ankle is in neutral. The ankle then plantar flexes slightly during the loading response. As the body weight shifts during midstance the ankle returns to neutral at mid midstance. As the other leg come forward to make ground contact during late midstance the ankle maximally dorsiflexes. The ankle then begins to plantar flex to propel the step and reaches maximum dorsiflexion at toe off. It returns to neutral as the swing phase begins.
76
Which of the following muscles are responsible for negative rotation about the x-axis in the tibiofemoral joint?
rectus femoris
77
max supination occurs at
toe off os opposite leg

trisemester 3 TCC (25 decks)

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