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trisemester 3 TCC > Neuro test 1 pwp 3_blood flow > Flashcards

Neuro test 1 pwp 3_blood flow Flashcards

1
Q

brain needs __% of cardiac output

A

17%

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2
Q

cardiac output formula

A

heart rate X stroke volume

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3
Q

the 2 main sources of blood supply to the brain?

A

ICA and the vertebral artery

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4
Q

ICA is a branch of the

A

common carotid artery

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5
Q

ICA mostly supplies this structure of the brain?

A

supratentorial structures of the brain

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6
Q

ICA is divided __ parts

A

4

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7
Q

the four parts of the ICA

A

cervical
petrous
cavernous
cerebral aka supraclinoid, intracranial

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8
Q

cervical part of ICA runs with what other 2 structures in the carotid sheath

A

CN X and internal jugular vein

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9
Q

carotid sinus reflex syndrome

A

stimulation of carotid sinus triggers baroreceptors reflex and increased vagal tone affecting SA and AV nodes.

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10
Q

complication arising from carotid sinus massage include

A

cardiac arrhythmias and neurologic sequelae

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11
Q

petrous part of ICA enters the skull through which foramen

A

carotid canal of the petrous part of the temporal bone

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12
Q

which ICA portion supplies branches to the tympanic cavity (ossicle bones)

A

petrous part

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13
Q

Petrous part of

ICA crosses over which foramen when entering the middle cranial fossa

A

foramen lacerum

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14
Q

cavernous branch of ICA passes through

A

cavernous sinus on each side of the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

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15
Q

the cavernous sinus contains which CN’s and fibers?

A

CNs 3, 4 V1,V2 & 6

sympathetic fibers travel with the arteries

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16
Q

cavernous artery branches into 2

A

inferior hypophyseal and anterior meningeal

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17
Q

inferior hypophyseal supplies the

A

pituitary gland

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18
Q

anterior meningeal artery supplies the

A

meninges of the anterior cranial fossa

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19
Q

arterial supply of the dura?

A

anterior meningeal arteries and the middle meningeal artery

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20
Q

middle meningeal artery is a branch of?

A

the maxillary artery

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21
Q

what foramen does the middle meningeal artery enter through?

A

spinosum

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22
Q

what are the branches of the middle meningeal artery?

A

anterior and posterior

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23
Q

what does the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery cross over?

A

pterion to get to the vertex of the skull

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24
Q

the posterior MMA branch pass what direction to supply which portion of the skull?

A

posterosuperior direction to supply the middle cranial fossa

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25
Q

cerebral part has 5 branches?

A

ophthalmic, anterior choroidal artery, posterior communicating, anterior cerebral, middle cerebral artery

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26
Q

what does the ophthalmic artery supply?

A

eye and the gives the superior hypophyseal artery to the pituitary

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27
Q

anterior choroidal artery anastomes with what other artery and where??

A

the posterior choroidal artery at the trigone of the lateral ventricle

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28
Q

anterior cerebral artery enters what structure??

A

the longitudinal fissure and runs along the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere

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29
Q

largest terminal branch of the cerebral part?

A

MCA

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30
Q

what does the MCA run along and what portion of the cerebral hemisphere does it supply?

A

runs along the lateral fissure and supplies the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere

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31
Q

what are the main two arteries that supply the supratentorial region?

A

ACA and MCA

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32
Q

two groups of the cerebral arteries

A

cortical arteries and the central arteries

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33
Q

What are the cortical arteries and what portion of the brain do they supply?

A

ACA, MCA, PCA

they supply the cortex of the cerebral hemispheres

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34
Q

central arteries supply what structure of the brain?

A

deep brain –> caudate nucleus, thalamus, hippocampus, deep basal ganglia etc.

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35
Q

subcomponents of the basal ganglia

A

caudate nucleus, lentiform nuclei

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36
Q

main function of the caudate nucleus?

A

goal directed behaviors

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37
Q

the main function of the basal ganglia?

A

facilitates desired motions while inhibiting unwanted motions

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38
Q

some other functions of the basal ganglia?

A

planning, organizing, and coordinating movements and posture.
HElp keep movement controlled.

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39
Q

hippocampus is involved in

A

learning as well as storage and retrieval of short and long term memories

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40
Q

which ones anastomose; central arteries OR cortical arteries?

A

cortical arteries

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41
Q

ACA supplies blood to which portions of the brain?

A

medial and the frontal and parietal & 1 inch strip on the superior aspect of the lateral surface of the brain

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42
Q

which artery lies superior to the corpus callosum and courses along the medial surface of the hemisphere?

A

the ACA

43
Q

where does the arterial supply of the ACA stop?

A

parieto-occipital sulcus

44
Q

pt. has a stroke and the right ACA is damaged what is affected on their body?

A

left lower limb

motor and sensory loss

45
Q

broadmans area 4 is what poriton of the brain?

A

the precentral gyrus

46
Q

largest coritcal artery is the

A

MCA

47
Q

what fissure does the MCA enter?

A

lateral/sylvian

48
Q

MCA supplies almost all of what portion of the brain?

A

lateral surface.. except for the upper 1 inch

49
Q

what are the branches that the MCA branches into?

A

temporal, frontal, and parietal and supplies most of the parenchymal of those lobes.

50
Q

most common stroke syndrome?

A

MCA syndrome

51
Q

Left MCA syndrome will cause?

A

aphasia, right face/arm, left gaze preference

52
Q

Right MCA syndrome

A

Left hemispatial neglect, right gaze preference, left face/arm

53
Q

right ACA synrome?

A

left leg numbness and weakness, motor negelct, ideomotor apraxia

54
Q

Left ACA syndrome

A

right leg weakness and numbness, transcortical motor aphasia, ideomotor apraxia

55
Q

what is ideomotor apraxia?

A

when they cannot pretend to use a hammer of something like that?

56
Q

hemispatial neglect?

A

reduced visual awareness of stimuli on one side of the space

57
Q

what connects the LGB with the primary visual cortex?

A

optic radiations

58
Q

LGB stands for

A

lateral geniculate body

59
Q

aphasia is when the pt. cannot?

A

use language

60
Q

what makes up the corpora quadrigemina?

A

superior and inferior colliculus

61
Q

what is not affected in a MCA stroke?

A

hearing

62
Q

Posterior cerebral artery are two terminal branches of what?

A

basilar artery

63
Q

what connects the PCA to the ICA?

A

posterior communicating arteries

64
Q

what does the PCA wrap around?

A

crus cerebri/cerebral peduncles/basis pedunculi

65
Q

PCA supplies what portions of the brain?

A

ventral & median surfaces of the temporal & occipital lobes

&

supplies the occipital pole

66
Q

important branches of the PCA?

A

calcarine artery, branches to the thalamus and the posterior choroidal artery

67
Q

what does is the significance of the calcarine artery?

A

it supplies visual area of occipital lobe

68
Q

PCA syndrome after stroke can cause what due to its branches being the calcarine?

A

blindness

69
Q

central arteries are small branches off of what structure?

A

circle of willis

70
Q

internal capsule

A

projection fibres ( white matter) between the caudate nucleus and the thalamus medially and the lentiform nucleus laterally

71
Q

main blood supply to the deep structures of the brain?

A

central arteries

72
Q

most important central arteries?

A
  1. thalamogeniculate
  2. lenticulate striate
  3. choroidal arteries
73
Q

thalamogeniculate supplies what and is also a branch of the?

A

thalamus geniculate bodies and is a branch of the PCA

74
Q

lenticulate striates/stroke arteries are a branch off of the

A

MCA

75
Q

lenticulate striate supplies the?

A

basal ganglia and internal capsule

76
Q

anterior choroidal arteries are a branch of?

A

ICA

77
Q

anterior choroidal arteries supply what?

A

choroid plexus of the body of the lateral ventricles, globus pallidus, putamen and thalamus

78
Q

posterior choroidal artery is a branch of

A

PCA

79
Q

posterior choroidal artery supplies?

A

third ventricle and inferior horn of the LV

80
Q

vertebral arteries are branches of what?

A

subclavian arteries

81
Q

does the vertebral artery go over or under the posterior arch of the atlas?

A

over it

82
Q

what foramen does the vertebral artery enter?

A

foramen magnum

83
Q

vertebral artery goes through the transverse foramen of which cervical vertebra?

A

c1-c6

84
Q

vertebrobasilar system

A

blood supply to the infratentorial brain and the spinal cord

85
Q

where does the basillar artery travel?

A

in the pontin cistern

86
Q

where does the basillar artery divide into PCA?

A

at the pons

87
Q

branches of the vertebral artery?

A

posterior meningeal artery (2)

posterior spinal arteries (2)

88
Q

posterior meningeal artery supplies

A

the dura of the posterior cranial fossa

89
Q

the posterior spinal arteries supply

A

posterior aspect of the spinal cord

90
Q

anterior spinal artery

A

a branch from each vertebral artery contributes to this artery and supplies the anterior aspect of the spinal cord

91
Q

posterior inferior cerebellar artery supplies?

A

largest branches and supply the inferior surface of the cerebellum, inferior vermis, lateral part of the medulla & choroidal plexus of teh 4th ventricle

92
Q

lateral hemisphere controls

A

motor planning for extremities

93
Q

intermediate hemisphere control

A

distal limb coordination

94
Q

vermis and flocculonodular lobe are responsible for

A

control of proximal limb and trunk coordination and balance as well as vestibuloocular reflex

95
Q

cerebellum governs

A

balance and modulation of motor commands from the cerebral cortex

96
Q

branches of the basilar artery

A

anterior inferior cerebellar, labyrinthine,

pontine, superior cerebellar, posterior cerebral arteries

97
Q

posterior communicating arteries connect what systems?

A

infratentorial and supratentorial systems

98
Q

what artery supplies the cerebellum and caudal pons?

A

AICA

99
Q

what artery supplies the acoustic meatus?

A

labyrinthine

100
Q

what artery supplies the cerebellum, rostral pons and caudal portion of the thalamus?

A

superior cerebellar artery

101
Q

what does the posterior cerebral arteries supple?

A

thalamus, visual cortex and rostral midbrain

102
Q

circle of willis is described as?

A

an arterial anastamosis between branches of internal carotid and vertebrobasilar system that surrounds the optic chiasma in the interpenduncular fossa on the inferior surface on the brain

103
Q

circle of willlis is only complete in what % of humans?

A

25%

104
Q

bleeding of the circle of willis results in

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

trisemester 3 TCC (25 decks)

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