Endocrine System

Question 0

Principal endocrine glands

Answer 0

Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, and gonads

Question 1

Endocrine system

Answer 1

Regulates bodily activities with hormones produced by various glands

Question 2

Pituitary gland (master gland)

Answer 2

Has a regulatory effect on several endocrine glands and is important in controlling a number of diverse bodily functions; divided into anterior and posterior lobes

Question 3

Pituitary gland; posterior lobe

Answer 3

Produces the hormones vasopressin and oxytocin

Question 4

Pituitary gland; anterior lobe

Answer 4

Produces follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), growth hormone (GH), and prolactin

Question 5

Thyroid gland

Answer 5

Produces thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin

Question 6

Adrenal glands

Answer 6

Each gland consists of a medulla (inner portion) and cortex (outer portion) which are so distinct they’re in effect their own endocrine organs

Question 7

Adrenal glands cortex

Answer 7

Produces mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and gonadocorticoids

Question 8

Adrenal glands medulla

Answer 8

Produces epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 9

Pancreas

Answer 9

Produces insulin and glucagon; plays a role in producing digestive enzymes

Question 10

Gonads

Answer 10

Produces testosterone and estrogen; promotes sex-specific physical characteristics and reproductive function

Question 11

Parathyroid glands

Answer 11

Produces parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 12

Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone)

Answer 12

Hormone released by the pituitary gland; acts on the kidneys to reduce urinary excretion of water

Question 13

Oxytocin

Answer 13

Hormone released by pituitary gland; stimulates the smooth muscles of the reproductive organs and intestines

Question 14

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

(gonadotropins)

Answer 14

Hormones released by the pituitary gland; stimulates gonads to secrete sex hormones called

Question 15

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer 15

Hormone released by the pituitary gland; stimulates thyroid glands to secrete thyroid hormones

Question 16

Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)

Answer 16

Hormone released by the pituitary gland; stimulates adrenal gland to secrete glucocorticoids

Question 17

Growth hormone (GH)

Answer 17

Hormone released by the pituitary gland; stimulates general growth, skeletal growth, and promotes metabolic functions

Question 18

Prolactin

Answer 18

Hormone released by the pituitary gland; initiates and maintains breast-milk secretion

Question 19

Thyroxine and triiodothyronine

Answer 19

Hormones released by the thyroid gland; increases oxygen consumption and heat production, and affects many metabolic functions

Question 20

Calcitonin

Answer 20

Hormone released by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium and phosphate levels by accelerating the absorption of calcium by the bones

Question 21

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Answer 21

Hormone released by the parathyroid; raises plasma calcium levels and lowers plasma phosphate levels

Question 22

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Answer 22

Hormone released by the adrenal gland; prepares the body for emergencies and stress by elevating blood glucose levels, increasing the rate, force, and amplitude of the heartbeat, and dilating the blood vessels feeding the heart, lungs, and skeletal muscles

Question 23

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

Answer 23

Hormone released by the adrenal gland; prepares the body for emergencies and stress by increasing the heart rate and force of contractions of the cardiac muscles

Question 24

Mineralocorticoids

Answer 24

Hormone released by the adrenal gland; promotes reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium in the kidneys

Question 25

Glucocorticoids

Answer 25

Hormone released by adrenal gland; aids in the utilization of glucose and mobilization of fatty acids

Question 26

Gonadcorticoids

Answer 26

Hormone released by the adrenal gland; includes testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone

Question 27

Insulin

Answer 27

Hormone released by the pancreas; acts to facilitate the uptake and utilization of glucose by cells, prevents the breakdown of glycogen in the liver and muscles, and plays a role in lipid and protein metabolism as it favors lipid formation and storage well facilitating the movement of amino acids into cells

Question 28

Glucagon

Answer 28

Hormone released by the pancreas; generally opposes the actions of insulin by decreasing glucose oxidation and increasing the blood sugar level (hyperglycemia)

Question 29

Testosterone

Answer 29

Hormone released by the gonads; male sex hormone that initiates sperm production, stimulate the development of male secondary sex characteristics, and promote tissue building

Question 30

Estrogen

Answer 30

Hormone released by the gonads; female sex hormone that regulates ovulation, menstruation, physiological adjustments during pregnancy, and the appearance of female secondary sex characteristics