Skeletal System

Question 0

Hemopoiesis

Answer 0

The active formation of blood cells

Question 1

Skeletal system (skeleton)

Answer 1

An active, living tissue responsible for support, movement, protection, storage, and formation of blood cells

Question 2

Structural functions of bone

Answer 2

Giving support to the soft tissues of the body and providing attachment sites for most muscles

Question 3

Skeletal system storage

Answer 3

Stores calcium, phosphorus, fat, sodium and potassium

Question 4

Skeleton system production

Answer 4

Production site for blood cells within the circulatory system including red blood cells, certain white blood cells, and platelets

Question 5

Bone shape classifications

Answer 5

Long, short, flat, and irregular

Question 6

Long bones

Answer 6

Classified by being longer than they are wide (long axis); they make up the majority of the skeleton

Question 7

Short bones

Answer 7

Classified by having approximately the same length and width

Question 8

Flat bones

Answer 8

Classified by being thin and typically curved

Question 9

Irregular bones

Answer 9

Have diverse shapes, excluding them from the other classifications of bone shape

Question 10

Cortical bone

Answer 10

Compact, dense bone found in the shafts of long bones and the vertebral endplates

Question 11

Trabecular bone

Answer 11

Spongy or cancellous bone composed of thin plates that form a honeycomb pattern; predominantly found in the ends of long bones and the vertebral body

Question 12

Cortical shell

Answer 12

Makes up roughly 75% of the skeletal system

Question 13

Trabecular network

Answer 13

Makes up roughly 25% of the skeletal system

Question 14

Cortical bones function

Answer 14

Provides strength, tendon attachment sites for muscle, and organ protection without excessive weight

Question 15

Trabecular bones function

Answer 15

Provides a large surface area for mineral exchange, and helps maintain skeletal strength and integrity

Question 16

Long bone structures

Answer 16

Diaphysis, proximal epiphysis, and distal epiphysis

Question 17

Diaphysis

Answer 17

Shaft of the long bone

Question 18

Proximal epiphysis

Answer 18

End of a long bone closest to the midline of the body

Question 19

Distal epiphysis

Answer 19

End of a long bone furthest from the midline of the body

Question 20

Medullary cavity

Answer 20

Hollow space inside the diaphysis and is used as a storage site for fat

Question 21

Endosteum

Answer 21

Thin layer of connective tissue lining the medullary cavity

Question 22

Red marrow

Answer 22

Resides in the trabecular tissue of certain long bones epiphysis; essential in the manufacture of red blood cells, most white blood cells, and platelets

Question 23

Epiphyseal cartilage

Answer 23

Separates the diaphysis and epiphyseal in children and young adults, providing means for the bone to lengthen

Question 24

Epiphyseal line

Answer 24

Bone that replaces the epiphyseal cartilage as skeletal growth is completed

Question 25

Periosteum

Answer 25

The layer of dense connective tissue that covers the outer surface of bone

Question 26

Remodeling

Answer 26

The process of continually reshaping and rebuilding the skeleton

Question 27

Osteoblasts

Answer 27

Process of building new bone

Question 28

Osteoclasts

Answer 28

Process of breaking down bone

Question 29

Wolff's law

Answer 29

Bone is capable of increasing its strength in response to stress by laying down more bone

Question 30

Axial skeleton

Answer 30

The 74 bones of the skull, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs; provides the main axial support for the body well protecting the central nervous system and major organs

Question 31

Vertebral column

Answer 31

Composed of 33 vertebrae, categorized by region

Question 32

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 32

The 126 bones of the upper and lower limbs, pectoral girdle, and pelvic girdle

Question 33

Pectoral girdle

Answer 33

Clavicle and scapula, attached to the axial skeleton only at the sternum; offers little support the large range of movements

Question 34

Pelvic girdle

Answer 34

Composed of the ileum, ischium, and the pubis; supports the body's weight and has extensive attachments to the axial skeleton through its articulation with the sacrum

Question 35

Os coxae

Answer 35

The ileum, ischium, and pubis as a collective

Question 36

Pubic symphysis

Answer 36

Strong joint made of cartilage that unites each side of the pelvic girdle

Question 37

Articulation

Answer 37

Juncture where two bones meet; a joint

Question 38

Joint types

Answer 38

Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

Question 39

Fibrous joints

Answer 39

Classified as synarthroidal; held tightly by fibrous connective tissue allowing little or no movement

Question 40

Synarthroidal joints

Answer 40

Joints considered immovable

Question 41

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 41

Joints connected by cartilage and allow little to no movement

Question 42

Synovial joints

Answer 42

Most common type of joint; characterized by free movement

Question 43

Synovial joints characteristic traits

Answer 43

Articular cartilage, articular capsule, synovial membrane, and synovial fluid

Question 44

Articular cartilage

Answer 44

Hyaline cartilage that covers the surface of long bones

Question 45

Articular capsule

Answer 45

Encloses the joint with a double layered membrane

Question 46

Ligament

Answer 46

Strong connective tissue that connects one bone to another

Question 47

Synovial membrane

Answer 47

Inner layer of the articular capsule; well supplied by capillaries and produces synovial fluid

Question 48

Synovial fluid

Answer 48

Thick liquid that nourishes the articular cartilage and lubricates the joint surface

Question 49

Axis of rotation

Answer 49

Imaginary line that forms a right angle to the plane of movement a joint rotates on

Question 50

Uniplanar joints (uniaxial)

Answer 50

Joints that move in one plane and have one axis of rotation

Question 51

Biplanar joints (biaxial)

Answer 51

Joints that allow movement in two planes that are perpendicular to each other

Question 52

Multiplanar joints (triaxial)

Answer 52

Joints that allow movement in three axes of rotation

Question 53

Synovial joint general movements

Answer 53

Gliding, angular, circumduction, and rotation

Question 54

Gliding movements

Answer 54

Synovial joint movements that occur when the surfaces of two adjoining bones move back-and-forth on each other (such as the movement between the base of a rib and its associated)

Question 55

Angular movements

Answer 55

Synovial joint movements of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

Question 56

Circumduction movements

Answer 56

Synovial joint movements that occur when a joint is capable of incorporating all four angular movements to create one motion

Question 57

Rotation movements

Answer 57

Synovial joint movements of a bone around a longitudinal axis