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SDR II > Endocrinology of the Male Reproductive Tract > Flashcards

Endocrinology of the Male Reproductive Tract Flashcards

0
Q

FSH targets the ___ cells

A

Sertoli

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1
Q

LH targets the __ cells

A

Leydig

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2
Q

Leydig cells produce:

A

testosterone

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3
Q

testosterone feedbacks at the gonadotroph cells to ____ the secretion of LH and FSH, and feedbacks at the hypothalamus to ___ the secretion of GnRH

A

decrease: LH FSH

decrease GnRH

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4
Q

Sertoli cells produce:

A

sperm

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5
Q

spermatogenesis depends on:

A

FSH and testosterone

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6
Q

another action of FSH acting on the Sertoli cell is the production of:

A

ABP (androgen binding protein)

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7
Q

ABP helps ensure:

A

a large concentration of testosterone within the seminiferous tubules

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8
Q

Sertoli cells make their own hormone, ____, which serves as ____

A

inhibin, a negative feedback signal for FSH, reduces their responsiveness to GnRH, and probably directly inhibits the release of GnRH

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9
Q

what accounts for the difference in the pulsatile rate of LH and FSH secretion?

A

testosterone changes the sensitivity of the cells producing LH
inhibin changes the sensitivity of the cells producing FSH

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10
Q

how do glycoprotein hormones from the pituitary work?

A

it results in the conversion of ATP to cAMP, cAMP activates protein kinases, phosphorylation cascade is going to convert cholesterol to testosterone and estradiol

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11
Q

in the blood, testosterone and estradiol mostly get bound up by ___. The rest is bound by ___. Only about __% isn’t bound up

A

sex steroid binding globulins, albumin and other plasma proteins, 3%

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12
Q

testosterone has a __ negative feedback effect on FSH, but a __ negative feedback effect on LH

A

small, large

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13
Q

why is the testosterone effect on FSH so small?

A

because inhibin is the necessary feedback agent

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14
Q

it is the ___ form of testosterone that can interact with target cells

A

unbound/free

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15
Q

what tissues would have testosterone acting directly as testosterone?

A

penile tissues

16
Q

what tissues convert testosterone to DHT?

A

hair follicles and prostate, 5-α-reductase

17
Q

what tissues aromatize testosterone into estrogen?

A

certain neurons in the brain

18
Q

what is the primary version of inhibin produced by the sertoli cells in response to FSH?

A

Inhibin B

19
Q

when inhibin Beta units recombine, they produce ___ which ____ FSH secretion

A

activin, stimulates

20
Q

activin resides in the ___, where it has a ____ role to ___

A

FSH producing cells of the pituitary gland, paracrine, enhance the production of FSH

21
Q

in the fetus, testosterone is responsible for the development of:

A

epididymis
vas deferens
seminal vesicles

22
Q

in the fetus, DHT is responsible for the development of:

A

penis, penile urethra, scrotum, prostate

23
Q

in puberty, testosterone is responsible for the development of:

A 
penis
seminal vesicles
musculature
skeleton
larynx
24
Q

in puberty, DHT is responsible for the development of:

A

scrotum
prostate
sexual hair
sebaceous glands

25
Q

around the ___ month of fetal life, there is a temporary activation of the HPG axis and an increase in ___ secretion. Together, these increase ___ levels

A

third, hCG, testosterone

26
Q

what does fetal testosterone do?

A
  • acts on the fetal hypothalamus to ensure that the system is only based on negative feedback
  • plays a role in the gender preference and identification of the individual
27
Q

what explains the activation of the HPG axis at birth?

A

elevations of excitatory neuronal inputs through glutamate neurons

28
Q

what is the purpose of the rise in testosterone at birth?

A

descent of the testes

29
Q

Kallman’s syndrome

A

due to a failure of GnRH neurons to migrate to the hypothalamus in fetal development, wind up with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

30
Q

how do you treat Kallman’s syndrome?

A

give the patient testosterone

31
Q

precocious puberty

A

excess GnRH comes out of the hypothalamus prematurely

32
Q

how is precocious puberty treated?

A

give a GnRH superagonist analog to desensitize the pituitary

33
Q

androgen insensitivity syndrome

A

XY genotype, female appearance, undescended testes have to be removed, no female reproductive structures

34
Q

why do people with androgen insensitivity syndrome not have female reproductive structures?

A

Y chromosome has SRY gene, manufactures Mullerian inhibitory hormone

35
Q

how is estrogen made in someone with androgen insensitivity syndrome?

A

testosterone is still produced by the testes, the testosterone is converted to estrogen by the fat tissue

SDR II (42 decks)

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