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SDR II > SDR MA > Flashcards

SDR MA Flashcards

0
Q

Testicular capsule consists of

A 
Visceral tunica vaginalis (mesothelial)
Tunica albuginea (collagen)
Tunica vasculosa (support for vasculature)
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1
Q

Human Legdig cells contain what structures?

A

crystals of Reinke

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2
Q

How many lobules are in the testes?

How many tubules in each lobule?

A

250

1-4

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4
Q

tubules

A

join at both ends with the rete testis
surrounded by tunica propria boundary tissue
basement membrane of basal lamina and lamina reticularis
seminiferous epithelium composed of germ cells and Sertoli cells
complex stratified epithelium
transitional zone/terminal segment of only Sertoli

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4
Q

spermatogenesis

A

speratozoa from diploid spermatogonia to haploid spermatozoa

2n -> 2n -> 4n -> meiotic phrophase with chromatin rearrangment -> 2n -> 1n

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5
Q

Sertoli cells

A

base of seminiferous tubules to its lumen
dipoid and non-dividing
lobulated nucleus and indented nuclear membrane
sustentacular (supportive)
Tight junctions between them
regulates product transport at blood testis barrier

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6
Q

stages of chromatin rearrangement in meiotic prophase of spermatocytes

A

leptotene zygotene pachytene diplotein

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7
Q

Spermoienesis

A

spermatids -> spermatozoa

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8
Q

Sertoli cell only syndrom

A

cause of infertility
caused by aspermatogenesis - absense of germ cells
Also happens with Irradiation

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9
Q

What happens due to incomplete cytokinesis

A

germ cells of the same generation are connected by cytoplasmic brudges and develop synchronously

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10
Q

Orchitis

A

inflammation of the testis - mumps

raise pressure in testis leading to atrophy of the seminiferous tubules and eventually sterility

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11
Q

Testicular cancers

A

almost always malignant

chemo works in 90% of cases

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12
Q

Intratesticular exurrent ducts

A

tubulus rectus
rete testis
first part of the ductuli efferents

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13
Q

tubulus rectus

A

cuboidal epithelium

covered by very short microvilli and some flagellum

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14
Q

Rete testis

A

in the mediastinum
cuboidal epithelium
short microvilli some flagellum
dense connective tissue for vasculature

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15
Q

Ductuli Efferentes

A

10-20 extra-testicular
lined by simple columnar
with principal cells with microvilli
and cilicated cells with celia

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16
Q

Principal cells of the ductuli efferent

A

reabsorb fluid
concentration of sperm
highly vascularized to help reabsorption

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17
Q

Ciliated cells

A

move sperm thru the ducts

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18
Q

3 mechanisms of moving sperm thru ductuli efferentes

A

hydrostatic pressure from testis
beating of cilia
peristaltic contraction of periductal smooth muscle cells

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19
Q

ductuli efferents are derived from

A

embryological mesonephric tubules (hence fluid reabsorption)

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20
Q

Cauda epididymis

A

periductal muscle layer

stores sperm

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21
Q

ductus epididymidis derives from

A

mesoneprhic duct

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22
Q

Infection of the epididymis

A

caused by gonococcal or nonspecific infection following retrograde spreading from the urethra

23
Q

ampulla

A

when vas deferense folds increase in height and become branched at the distal end
behind the bladder when it joins the seminal vesicle to form the jeaculatory duct that enters the prostatic urethra
mix sperm with secretion from accessory organs

24
Q

vas deferense

A

continuous with epididymidis tail
condiut from storage to the rest of male accessory glands
lined by pseudostratified columnar epith w/ stereocilia
longitudinal folds

25
Q

vas deferense 3 layers of smooth muscle

A

inner
middle
outer
adventitia

26
Q

seminal vesicles

A

join the ampulla to join the ejactulary duct
pseudostratified/simple columnar epithelium
secretory gland

27
Q

lamina propria of seminal vesicles has

A

elastic fibers, SM, loose connective tissue

28
Q

seminal vesicle secretions contain

A

prostaglandins
vitamin C
fructose

29
Q

prostate 3 branched glands

A

main gands
submucosal
mucosal

30
Q

how many branched tubulo-alveolar glands empty into the urethra?

A

40

31
Q

prostate

A

glandular epithelium = pseudostratified simple columnar

fibromuscular stroma aids discharge

32
Q

prostatic fluid

A

30% of ejaculate volume
proteolytic enzymes, zinc, citric acid, acid phosphatase, PSA

Corpora amylecea = older men concretions - obstruct the lumen

33
Q

bulbo-urethral/Cowpers glands

A

either side of urethra as it enters the penis base
enclosed with thin SM
secrete sialoglycoprotein (mucin) that lubricate the penile urethra prior to ejaculation
there is also skeletal muscle

34
Q

prostatic urethra lined by

A

transitional epithelium

35
Q

membranous and pnile urethra epithelium

A

stratified or pseudostratified columnar

36
Q

urethral infections can go to

A

bladder
seminal vesicles
epididymis

37
Q

medulla of ovary contains

A

blood vessels and connective tissue

39
Q

primordial follicles are arrested in _____

A

meiotic Prophase I

40
Q

secondary follicles are arrested in ____

A

meiotic phrophase II due to inhibitory effect of oocyte meiosis inhibitor (OMI)

41
Q

What does the LH surge do to the oocyte?

A

overrides OMI

and arrests oocyte at metaphase II

41
Q

Secondary oocytes have

A

diferentiated theca interna and externa

42
Q

teriary follicle oocyte connected to ranulsa cells by

A

pedicle of granulosa cells continuous with the cumulus oophorus
inner layer of corona radiata

43
Q

what degenerates corpus luteum to albicans?

A

autolysis and phagocytosis by macrophages

44
Q

most prominent atresia of follicles during

A

pregnancy and just after birth

45
Q

Majority of ovarian tumors in

A

germinal epithelium which happens to have no germinal cells in it

46
Q

ovum moved by

A

peristaltic contractions of the muscularis and beating cilia

48
Q

transudation

A

keeps ovum suspended in a visccous ovidctual fluid from the surrounding vasculature - secretion simulated by Estr; stopped by Prog

49
Q

uterus endometrium epithelium

A

simple tubular glands that can go into myometrium
simple columnar
ciliated and secretory

49
Q

Shortened luteal phase can cause

A

infertility

50
Q

Dating of endometrium used to

A

assess the function of the ovary so the hypothalamus and pituitary in cases of infertility

51
Q

cervix epithelium

A

simple columnar folded into crypts NOT GLANDS
secretes aqueous fluid in ovulation
viscous fluid in pregnancy

52
Q

Vagina

A

stratified sqamous non-keratinized epithelium

53
Q

labia minora epithelium

A

keratinized stratified squamous

devoid of sepaceous glands and adipose

54
Q

3 layers of the vagina

A

mucosa
muscular - w/ rugae of SM
adventitia

SDR II (42 decks)

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