Male Reproductive System

Question 0

gubernaculum testis

Answer 0

connective tissue extending from testis to what will become the scrotum

Question 1

function of gubernaculum testis in the developing embryo

Answer 1

holds testis in place as the body grows.

7th month: hormones cause contraction of the gubernaculum, pulling the testes into scrotum

Question 2

LH acts on ___

Answer 2

Leydig cells, testosterone production

Question 3

FSH acts on ___

Answer 3

seminiferous tubules- Sertoli cells, germ cell maintenance

Question 4

Inhibin

Answer 4

a testicular hormone that inhibits FSH secretion in the pituitary

Question 5

what is the order of the three layers of the testes capsule?

Answer 5

visceral tunica vaginalis
tunica albuginea
tunica vasculosa

Question 6

what is between each septum of the tunica albuginea?

Answer 6

seminiferous tubules

Question 7

androgen insensitivity syndrome

Answer 7

caused by a defective androgen receptor

Question 8

testosterone activities:

Answer 8

1. maintain spermatogenesis
2. maintain accessory glands of reproduction
3. secondary sex characteristics
4. libido

Question 9

Leydig cells are histologically characterized by:

Answer 9

smooth ER
Lipid droplets
mitochondria with tubular cristae

Question 10

tubulus rectus

Answer 10

connects the seminiferous tubules to the rete testis

Question 11

the seminipherous epithelium is sometimes described as:

Answer 11

complex stratified

Question 12

the adult stem cell is called:

Answer 12

spermatogonium

Question 13

what are the “nurse” aka sustentacular cells of the seminiferous tubule?

Answer 13

Sertoli cells

Question 14

what is the purpose of the blood-testis barrier?

Answer 14

prevent antibodies from recognizing and destroying germ cells

Question 15

primary spermatocytes have a ___ complement of DNA

Answer 15

4n

Question 16

secondary spermatocytes have a ___ complement of DNA

Answer 16

2n

Question 17

the elongation and differentiation from a spermatid to a spermatozoa is called:

Answer 17

spermiogenesis

Question 18

the entire progression from a spermatogonia to a spermatozoa is called:

Answer 18

spermatogenesis

Question 19

the acrosome comes from ___

Answer 19

an acrosomal granule

Question 20

the axoneme comes from ___

Answer 20

centrioles

Question 21

mitochondria congregate to form the ___

Answer 21

middle piece

Question 22

in the principal piece, the mitochondria are replaced with a ____

Answer 22

fibrous sheath

Question 23

in the end piece, the fibrous sheath is replaced with ____

Answer 23

nothing

Question 24

what facilitates the synchronous cycling of the seminiferous epithelium?

Answer 24

incomplete cytokinesis between germ cells

Question 25

in humans, the arrangement of stages is a ____ pattern

Answer 25

ribbon/helical

Question 26

the rete testis is lined by _____ with the occasional ___

Answer 26

simple cuboidal epithelium, flagellum

Question 27

the pampinoform plexus allows for:

Answer 27

countercurent blood flow to cool the testes

Question 28

the major function of the ductuli efferentes is:

Answer 28

fluid reabsorption, concentrating the sperm

Question 29

what are the two cells in the ductuli efferentes?

Answer 29

ciliated- moves sperm along | non-ciliated- fluid reabsorption

Question 30

the ductus epididymus is histologically characterized by:

Answer 30

psuedostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia (skinny microvilli)

Question 31

what are the main functions of the epididymis?

Answer 31

sperm maturation and storage

Question 32

the ductus (vas) deferens has how many layers of smooth muscle?

Answer 32

3- inner and outer longitudinal | middle circular

Question 33

the seminal vesicle secretes compounds that:

Answer 33

promote the viability of the sperm

Question 34

benign prostatic hyperplasia generally arises from the zones _____

Answer 34

closest to the urethra

Question 35

prostate cancer generally arises from the zones ____

Answer 35

around the periphery of the prostate

Question 36

corpora amylacea

Answer 36

concretions which are a distinguishing feature of the prostate

Question 37

a histological distinguishing feature of Cowper's glands is ____

Answer 37

skeletal muscle

Question 38

Bulbourethral (Cowper's) gland

Answer 38

occur at the base of the penis and secrete a mucus that lines the penile urethra during sexual arousal. This protects sperm from any urine that might be left, and the urethra from any acrosomal enzymes

Question 39

what encapsulates the corpus cavernosum?

Answer 39

the tunica albuginea

Question 40

the corpus cavernosum of the urethra is also called the:

Answer 40

corpus spongiosum

Question 41

the male urethra is ____ in the prostate

Answer 41

transitional

Question 42

the male urethra is ____ in the membranous and penile part

Answer 42

pseudo stratified and/or stratified

Question 43

Hypospadias

Answer 43

- Failure of UG folds to fuse completely on ventral surface of penis during formation of penile urethra. - Urine escapes from this opening in the newborn penis (under)

Question 44

In the male, the ____ become connected to the testis to form male genital duct system (e.g., ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct).

Answer 44

mesonephric duct and tubules

Question 45

Primordium of the uterine tubes, uterus, and upper vagina.

Answer 45

paramesonephric duct (mullerian)

Question 46

Fibrous remnant of the allantois extending from the top of the bladder to the umbilicus.

Answer 46

urachus

Question 47

Urorectal septum

Answer 47

- natural cleft bw the allantois and hindgut tube. - extends inferiorly to divide cloaca into rectum and a UG sinus that becomes urinary bladder, urethra, vestibule, prostate, and related structures.

Question 48

Summary of female urogenital tract derivatives

Answer 48

- Ureteric bud: ureter - Mesonephric ducts: trigone of bladder - Paramesonephric ducts: oviduct, uterus, upper 1/3 of vagina - Urogenital sinus: bladder (except trigone), bulbourethral gland, urethra, lower 2/3 of vagina

Question 49

Functions of Sertoli Cells in Male Sexual Differentiation

Answer 49

1. Induce migration of mesenchymal cells (endothelial) from mesonephros into testis 2. Give off signals that inhibit entry of male germ cells into meiosis 3. Emit signals that induce differentiation of Leydig cells, which secrete testosterone 4. Secrete müllerian inhibiting substance 5. Secrete androgen-binding factor