Enema Exam 3 Flashcards
(34 cards)
What is an enema?
An enema is the introduction of solution into the rectum to soften feces and distend or irritate the colon in order to stimulate peristalsis and evacuation of feces.
What factors govern the responses to an enema?
Responses are governed by the following conditions:
* Height of the solution container
* Speed of flow
* Concentration of the solution
* Resistance of the rectum
What determines the resistance of the rectum?
Muscle tone and history of constipation or other bowel disorders determine the resistance of the rectum.
Why might a client with a long history of constipation tolerate a large-volume enema?
The rectum and colon have become distended over time.
Which types of solutions are easier to retain during an enema?
Hypotonic and isotonic solutions are easier to retain. They are common
List the purposes of enemas.
- Treat severe constipation or impaction
- Clear the colon for visualization procedures
- Empty the colon for bowel-training
- Prepare for surgeries of the lower GI tract
What is a ‘low’ enema?
A ‘low’ enema is given by standard procedure to clear the lower part of the colon.
How is a ‘high’ enema administered?
A ‘high’ enema involves the client moving through different positions to allow fluid to reach higher in the large intestine.
What is a Return-Flow Enema?
A Return-Flow Enema, known as a Harris flush, is ordered to help a patient expel flatus and relieve abdominal distention.
What volume is typically used for a Return-Flow Enema in adults?
Approximately 100 to 200 mL (3 to 7 oz) of tap water or saline.
What is the volume range for retention enemas?
Usually 90 to 120 mL (3 to 4 oz).
What are common forms of retention enemas?
- Medication enemas
- Nutritive enemas
What is the purpose of medicated enemas?
To instill antibiotics to treat infections or to introduce anthelminthic agents for intestinal worms.
What is the purpose of nutritive enemas?
To administer fluid and nutrition through the rectum for dehydrated and frail patients.
What are examples of solutions used for enemas from the kitchen?
- Milk and molasses
- Coffee
List supplies needed for enema administration.
- Enema container
- Correct enema solution
- Wipes
- Waterproof pad
- Bedpan or bedside commode
- Water-soluble lubricant
- Gloves
- IV pole
What are the types of laxatives?
- Stimulant
- Osmotic
- Bulk-forming
- Stool softeners
- Lubricants
- Prokinetic agents
What do stimulant laxatives do?
They trigger the intestines to contract and push out the stool.
What is the function of osmotic laxatives?
They draw water into the bowel from surrounding tissues to soften stools and increase bowel movement frequency.
What do bulk-forming laxatives contain?
Fiber, which soaks up water in the intestines and produces bulkier stool.
What is the role of stool softeners?
They soften dry, hard stool with water pulled into the stool from the intestine.
What is a key nursing consideration before administering an enema?
Perform a focused assessment, including bowel sounds, abdominal distention, and last bowel movement.
True or False: You should establish a stop signal with the client during enema administration.
True
What should a client be encouraged to do to avoid constipation?
Consume adequate fiber and fluids.
