Fluid And Elec Exam 3 Flashcards

Question

What is a diuretic?

Answer 1

Medications that help reduce fluid buildup in the body by promoting the excretion of salt and water through urine. ## Footnote Common examples include furosemide and spironolactone.

Answer 2

* Amiloride * Spironolactone

Answer 3

Less than 2,300 mg per day, or approximately 1 teaspoon. ## Footnote Most Americans consume more sodium than needed.

Answer 4

A condition characterized by low sodium levels in the blood, often due to fluid loss or excessive intake of hypotonic solutions. ## Footnote Symptoms include confusion, muscle cramps, and seizures.

Answer 5

Thirst, low-grade fever, flushed skin, dry mouth, tachycardia, and severe cases may lead to hallucinations and seizures.

Answer 6

3.5-5 mEq/L.

Answer 7

Diuretics, gastrointestinal fluid loss, steroid administration, and anorexia. ## Footnote Symptoms include fatigue, muscle weakness, and dysrhythmias.

Answer 8

A condition characterized by high potassium levels in the blood, often due to renal failure or potassium-sparing diuretics. ## Footnote Symptoms include muscle weakness and risk of cardiac arrest.

Answer 9

Supports mineralization of bone, muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and blood clotting.

Answer 10

Low calcium levels in the blood, often due to hypoparathyroidism or vitamin D deficiency. ## Footnote Symptoms may include muscle cramps and tetany.

Answer 11

Hyperparathyroidism, malignant bone disease, and excessive calcium supplementation. ## Footnote Symptoms may include constipation and confusion.

Answer 12

1.3-2.1 mEq/L.

Answer 13

Disorientation, mood changes, increased DTR, and dysrhythmias. ## Footnote Common causes include chronic alcoholism and gastrointestinal losses.

Answer 14

A condition characterized by high magnesium levels, often due to renal failure or excessive replacement. ## Footnote Symptoms include hypotension and lethargy.

Answer 15

Bone health, energy production (ATP), and maintaining normal pH in the body.

Answer 16

Low phosphate levels, often due to refeeding after starvation or diabetic ketoacidosis. ## Footnote Symptoms may include joint stiffness and seizures.

Answer 17

High phosphate levels, often due to renal failure or hyperthyroidism. ## Footnote Symptoms may include tetany and calcification in soft tissue.

Answer 18

RBCs, WBCs, platelets, and hematocrit levels.

Answer 19

The solute concentration of blood, often reflecting sodium levels. ## Footnote In fluid volume deficit, serum osmolality rises.

Answer 20

The solute concentration of urine, which varies with fluid volume status.

Answer 21

1.002 to 1.030.

Answer 22

To administer fluids, electrolytes, medications, or nutrients via the venous route.

Answer 23

Fluid balance, electrolyte levels, and patient response to treatment.

Answer 24

To secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) for calcium regulation in the body.

Answer 25

Emergency access into bone matrix ## Footnote Contraindications for IO use include obesity, fracture, recent surgery, infection, or evidence of poor circulation at the proposed insertion site.

Answer 26

Must be able to swallow, have no nausea/vomiting ## Footnote Oral administration is often considered the hardest to count.

Answer 27

Administration of fluids, electrolytes, medications, or nutrients by the venous route.

Answer 28

* Expand intravascular volume * Correct an underlying imbalance in fluids or electrolytes * Compensate for ongoing problems affecting fluid or electrolytes until oral intake is tolerated

Answer 29

A modified sterile procedure; choose the most distal and nondominant hand if possible.

Answer 30

Every 96 hours if not detached or per policy.

Answer 31

Every 24 hours due to increased likelihood of contamination.

Answer 32

Change the administration set with each new solution, but at least every 24 hours.

Answer 33

After completion of each unit, but at least every 4 hours.

Answer 34

Weekly or as needed.

Answer 35

To maintain venous access for emergencies and prevent clotting.

Answer 36

* Height of the solution container * Patient position * Blood pressure * Internal diameter of the IV catheter * Condition of the IV catheter and tubing

Answer 37

* Infection with fever * Phlebitis with a red streak * Infiltration with swelling * Extravasation with burning pain * Hematoma with ecchymosis * Air embolism can be fatal

Answer 38

Delivers 60 drops (gtt) in the drip chamber to deliver 1 ml.

Answer 39

Remains inside the vessel due to similar osmolality.

Answer 40

* 0.9% Sodium chloride (NS) * Lactated Ringer (LR) * D5W (isotonic in bag and hypotonic inside the body)

Answer 41

Pulls body water from the intravascular compartment into the interstitial fluid compartment.

Answer 42

* 5% dextrose in water (D5W) * 0.45% NS (½ normal saline) * 0.33% NS

Answer 43

Pulls fluids and electrolytes from the intracellular and interstitial compartments into the intravascular compartment.

Answer 44

* D5 0.9% NaCl (D5NS) * D5 0.45% NaCl (D5 ½ NS) * D5 lactated Ringer * 3% NaCl and 5% NaCl (highly hypertonic)

Answer 45

O negative

Answer 46

AB positive

Answer 47

* Allergic * Bacterial * Febrile * Hemolytic * Circulatory overload

Answer 48

Stop the infusion, administer normal saline from new bag and tubing, assess vital signs.

Answer 49

Identifies possible minor antigens affecting compatibility of donor blood in recipient.

Answer 50

To help the clotting process in clients with a shortage of platelets or abnormal function.

Answer 51

* Vital signs * EKG for cardiac rhythms * CBC * Electrolytes * Urinalysis * Serum and urine osmolality * Daily weights

Answer 52

* Dehydration * Fluid overload * Deficient fluid volume * Imbalanced fluid volume * Electrolyte imbalance

Answer 53

Maintaining the balance of water in the body Balancing the blood pH (acid–base) level Moving nutrients into the cells Moving wastes out of the cells Maintaining proper function of the body’s muscles, heart, nerves, and brain)

Answer 54

It accounts for approximately 40% of body weight and is essential for cell function and metabolism.

Answer 55

It accounts for 20% of body weight and exists in three main locations in the body.

Answer 56

Interstitial fluid lies in the spaces between the body cells. Excess fluid within the interstitial space is called edema. Intravascular fluid is the plasma within the blood. Its main function is to transport blood cells. Transcellular fluid includes specialized fluids that are contained in body spaces (e.g., cerebrospinal, pleural, peritoneal, and synovial fluid) and digestive juices.

Answer 57

Ascities- not within the intertitual cells. cirrhosis of the liver common sympt

Answer 58

electroytes (charged) and non elect (non charged)

Answer 59

Potassium + Magnesium + Phosphate -

Answer 60

Sodium + Chloride - Bicarbonate- Albumin (a protein) is here also in intravascular fluid. used as a blood volume expander. Transcellular fluids like Gastric and intestinal fluids also contain some electrolytes

Answer 61

no movement in cell An isotonic solution is of the same osmolality as blood;

Answer 62

more water into cell A hypotonic solution is of lower osmolality than blood. When a hypotonic solution is infused, water moves by osmosis from the vascular system into the cells.

Answer 63

cell shrink A hypertonic solution contains a higher concentration of solutes

Answer 64

Osmosis- the movement of water across a membrane from a less-concentrated solution to a more-concentrated solution. diffusion- the movement of molecules of a solute through a cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration filtration-e movement of water and smaller particles from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

Answer 65

In the presence of ATP, the sodium-potassium pump actively moves sodium from the cell into the ECF and potassium from the ECF into the cell.

Answer 66

cardiac outpit

Answer 67

heart failure

Answer 68

What is the action of angiotensin ii? aldrostone released What medication class comes to mind? ACE inhibitor How does this medication work? angiotension stops What are some medication names? meds end in PHRIL What is a common side effect? cough

Answer 69

- dehydration resulting in dry skin and mucous membranes, decreased skin and tongue turgor, decreased urine output, and flat neck veins. Patients complain of muscle weakness, fatigue, and feeling warm Temperature increases

Answer 70

-s/s dehydration -orthostatic hypotension -daily weight check -Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)–to-creatinine ratio hematocrit are elevated -urine specfic gravity -older adults reduced thirst

Answer 71

Monitor RR, effort and O2 sat – administer O2 if needed Check u/a, CBc, and electrolytes Daily wt – same time and scale Assess bp, especially orthostatic Heart rhythm Monitor i&o; encourage fluid; alert provider is output is less that 30ml/hr Implement fall precautions

Answer 72

Excess fluid volume can result from excessive salt intake, disease affecting kidney or liver function, or poor pumping action of the heart.

Answer 73

Signs of fluid overload—Elevated BP, bounding pulse, increased shallow respirations, cool pale skin, and distended neck veins. When excess ECF accumulates in the tissues, especially in dependent areas, edema and rapid weight gain occur.

Answer 74

Preventing fluid overload Monitor I&O use electronic pumps to carefully regulate IV infusions to minimize the risk of fluid overload Daily weights Diuretics

Answer 75

Diuretics are medicines that help reduce fluid buildup in the body.

Answer 76

neurologic and neuromuscular function, regulates the body’s fluid balance, and helps maintain blood pressure.

Answer 77

Fluid loss from diuretics, confusion and orthostatic hypotension, weak therady pulse

Answer 78

Excessive na+ intake, Thirst, low-grade fever, flushed, edema, dry mouth and membranes, severe: , red dry tongue

Answer 79

Same as hyponatremia except may see fever

Answer 80

Same as hypernatremia

Answer 81

electrical impulses of the body’s nerves and muscles. and the HEART kidneys secrete

Answer 82

cause- diuretics decreased DTR, decreased gi motility, constipation, dysrhythmias – ST depression/prominent U wave never a bolus

Answer 83

Renal failure, potassium sparing diuretics, high potassium intake coupled with renal insufficiency, acidosis, trauma Muscle weakness, increased DTR, dysrhythmias, diarrhea, hyperactive bowels, low BP & HR, severe: cardiac arrest, v fib

Answer 84

BONE, muscle contraction, blood and beats - parathyroid

Answer 85

hypoparathyroidism Diarrhea, numbness and tingling of mouth and extremities, muscle cramps, tetany, convulsions, cardiac irritability, + trousseau and Chvostek signs, weak bones, weak pulse, risk for bleeding, V tach if severe

Answer 86

Hyperparathyroidism, Malignant bone disease, Prolonged immobilization, Excess calcium supplementation, Thiazide diuretics, pagets disease *Constipation, bone pain, kidney stones*, muscle weakness, confusion, risk for *clotting*, n/v Monitor i&o, restrict ca, increase fluids, monitor for fractures, encourage fiber

Answer 87

nerve and muscle fuction

Answer 88

Chronic alcoholism, gi losses, diuretics, malabsorption *Disorientation, mood changes*, increased DTR, dysrhythmia – *torsades de pointes*, nystagmus, neuromuscular irritability Monitor i&O and digoxin, encourage greens, grains, and nuts

Answer 89

Renal failure, Adrenal insufficiency, Excess replacement *Hypotension*, Drowsiness, lethargy, *Hypoactive reflexes, *Depressed respirations, Bradycardia, cardiac arrest Monitor vs, airway, loc, and reflexes, ca gluconate for severe cardiac changes, avoid magnesium-based laxatives and antacids

Answer 90

bones, teeth, nevrve, muscles

Answer 91

Refeeding after starvation, Alcohol withdrawal, Diabetic ketoacidosis, Respiratory acidosis Joint stiffness, decreased DTR, Seizures, Cardiomyopathy, Impaired tissue oxygenation, weakness Monitor phosphate and calcium levels

Answer 92

Renal failure, Hyperthyroidism, Chemotherapy, Excess use of phosphate-based laxative Short term: tetany symptoms—tingling of extremities and cramping; Long term: Calcification in soft tissue Monitor phosphate, calcium, and for tetany

Answer 93

hematocit serum electrolytes serum osmolatity In fluid volume deficit, serum osmolality rises. In fluid volume excess, serum osmolality decreases.

Answer 94

altered mental status

Answer 95

Urine osmolality measures the solute concentration of urine This test may require a 24-hour urine specimen Urinalysis The routine screening urinalysis includes a measure of urine pH and specific gravity. Specific gravity rises and falls in opposition to fluid status. A normal range is 1.002 to 1.030. A low specific gravity occurs when fluid is plentiful. A high specific gravity occurs when fluid levels decrease and urine becomes more concentrated.

Answer 96

IV subq oral Intraosseous – emergency

Answer 97

pump at level of the heart

Answer 98

upload slide 59

Answer 99

Patients must receive only blood that is compatible with their own blood group to prevent a hemolytic reaction

Fluid And Elec Exam 3 Flashcards

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