Week 4 Circulation

Question 1

What does the right side of the heart receive blood from?

Answer 1

The brain, neck, trunk, and legs via the superior and inferior vena cava.

Question 2

What happens in right-sided heart failure?

Answer 2

Blood cannot leave the right side of the heart and backs up into the neck and limbs, causing jugular vein distention and edema.

Question 3

What does the left side of the heart receive blood from?

Answer 3

The lungs after being oxygenated.

Question 4

What is preload?

Answer 4

Volume coming into the heart.

Question 5

What is afterload?

Answer 5

Resistance in the left ventricle that must be overcome to circulate oxygenated blood.

Question 6

What does contractility refer to?

Answer 6

The strength of the squeeze of the heart.

Question 7

How does an irregular heart rhythm affect oxygenation?

Answer 7

It can impair the heart’s ability to effectively pump oxygenated blood.

Question 8

What are the factors affecting circulation/perfusion in infants?

Answer 8

Premature birth and valves not functioning appropriately.

Question 9

What dietary issues affect preschool and school-age children?

Answer 9

Diets high in fat and salt, fast food, processed foods, and obesity.

Question 10

What lifestyle factors affect adolescents’ cardiovascular health?

Answer 10

Tobacco use, vaping, obesity, high-fat diets, substance abuse, and eating disorders.

Question 11

What changes occur in older adults that affect cardiovascular health?

Answer 11

Cardiac muscles lose contractile strength and peripheral vessels become less elastic, increasing the risk of orthostatic hypotension.

Question 12

What is the effect of stress on the cardiovascular system?

Answer 12

Increased heart rate, contractility, and vasoconstriction, raising the risk for blood clots.

Question 13

How does altitude affect oxygenation?

Answer 13

Low atmospheric pressure can cause shortness of air.

Question 14

What is induced hypothermia used for?

Answer 14

Patients suffering from sudden cardiac death and during prolonged vascular procedures.

Question 15

What effect does obesity have on the heart?

Answer 15

Increased workload on the heart and less space for lungs to inflate and deflate.

Question 16

What are beta-adrenergic blockers used for?

Answer 16

To block norepinephrine and epinephrine, reducing the workload of the heart and oxygen consumption.

Question 17

What are ACE inhibitors classified as?

Answer 17

Vasodilators.

Question 18

What is the expected ejection fraction (EF) for a healthy heart?

Answer 18

Greater than 55%.

Question 19

What is cardiomyopathy?

Answer 19

An enlarged heart, often unknown cause, focusing on symptom management.

Question 20

What is the leading cause of cardiac ischemia?

Answer 20

Coronary artery disease (CAD).

Question 21

What are the two types of angina?

Answer 21

• Stable angina * Unstable angina

Question 22

What is the cardinal symptom of cardiac ischemia?

Answer 22

Chest pain.

Question 23

What labs are associated with cardiac monitoring?

Answer 23

• Troponin * CK-MB or CPK * Myoglobin * BNP * Potassium * Magnesium * Calcium

Question 24

What is the most deadly heart rhythm?

Answer 24

Ventricular fibrillation (VFib).

Question 25

What is peripheral artery disease?

Answer 25

A buildup of fatty deposits (plaques) on artery walls, reducing blood flow.

Question 26

What are treatments for peripheral vascular diseases?

Answer 26

* Quit smoking * Medications to prevent blood clots * Elevating feet * Wearing compression socks * Exercises

Question 27

What is the purpose of diuretics?

Answer 27

To remove sodium and water from the body, reducing the volume of circulating blood.

Question 28

What can digoxin toxicity affect?

Answer 28

The heart's pumping action.

Question 29

What is the role of anticoagulant therapy?

Answer 29

To prevent blood clot formation.

Question 30

What does a thready pulse indicate?

Answer 30

Weak circulation.

Question 31

What is claudication?

Answer 31

Pain in the lower extremities due to inadequate blood flow.

Question 32

Where gas exchange occurs?

Answer 32

Alveoli

Question 33

What is ventilation?

Answer 33

The movement of air into and out of the lungs while breathing

Question 34

What is respiration?

Answer 34

The exchange of gases in the lungs

Question 35

What affects ventilation?

Answer 35

Hyperventilating vs hypoventlating Lung elasticity Hypoxemia Hypoxia

Question 36

What is a pneumothorax?

Answer 36

Collapsed lung

Question 37

What are factors affecting respirations?

Answer 37

Pleural effusion Collapsed lung Asthma Damaged alveoli

Question 38

What does arterial blood gas do?

Answer 38

Measure oxygen leaving the heart

Question 39

If a patient has heart failure what lab will they need?

Answer 39

ECHO, BNP LAB AND EJECTION FRACTURE

Question 40

Normal hemoglobin amount in healthy adults?

Answer 40

80~100. 92% in healthy adults

Question 41

If the client is hyperventilating would Co2 be higher or lower?

Answer 41

Lower, give brown bag

Question 42

If a client is hypoventating, would co2 be higher or lower?

Answer 42

Higher

Question 43

What are the lung sounds associated with asthma? Exam

Answer 43

Wheezing

Question 44

How to prevent vent pneumonia

Answer 44

Oral care Raise bed * check slide

Question 45

Suction no longer than 15 seconds

Question 46

Suction no longer than 15 seconds

Question 47

precautions associated with TB? Signs and symptoms of TB?

Question 48

What is a leaky heart valve called?

Answer 48

Regurgitation

Question 49

What is stenosis?

Answer 49

a narrow valve

Question 50

Left side heart failure-

Answer 50

Wet lungs crackles

Question 51

Right side heart failure

Answer 51

I’ve and edmema

Question 52

Problem with heart failure

Answer 52

Contractility

Question 53

When do you shock? Do cpr?

Answer 53

Asystolie ~ cpr only Vfib- shock, deadly Vtach- shock A fib- shock

Question 54

If ejection fraction is lower than 55% what happens.

Answer 54

Heart transplant

Question 55

Aspirin does what?

Answer 55

Prevent blood clots know as ASA shorthand

Question 56

Beta adrenergic blockers block what?

Answer 56

Norepinephrine and epinephrine which lower BP. End in LOL

Question 57

Vasodilators end in what ?

Answer 57

PRIL. They increase dialating vessels reduce workload of heart

Question 58

Ace inhibitors are what?

Answer 58

Vasodilators

Question 59

Calcium channel blockers end in what?

Answer 59

PINE. They block the flow of calcium Slow heart rate

Question 60

What is ejection fraction?

Answer 60

Percent of blood the heart can pump out of the heart from left ventricle to whole body

Question 61

What is cardiomyopathy’s?

Answer 61

Large heart

Question 62

Right sided heart failure symptoms exam

Answer 62

Fatigue Venous pressure As cities Enlarged liver and spleen Weight gain* Distended jug vein* Dependent edmena*

Question 63

Left sided heart failure give what meds?

Answer 63

Diuretics

Question 64

Left sided heart failure s/s

Answer 64

Cough Crackles Wheezes Blood sputum Tachypena

Question 65

Treatment for MI cardiac ischemia?

Answer 65

MONA Morphine OXYGEN NITROGLYCERIN ASPRIN

Question 66

Leading cause of cardiac ischemia?

Answer 66

Coronary artery disease Labs for cad? Cholesterol and lipid panel give stain for treatment Plaque buildup in vessels comes from diet and genetics

Question 67

What med relieves stable angina?

Answer 67

Nitroglycerin don’t take with viagra

Question 68

Unstable angina is a

Answer 68

Heart attack

Question 69

What labs are checked with heart failure

Answer 69

Troponin Bnp Potassium Mag Calcium Cpk

Question 70

Give what meds with a thrombus

Answer 70

Give anti coag meds Heparin Warfarin Apixaban Dabigatran Give no vitiam k, no dark greens meds have a theoretic range

Question 71

What do diuretics do?

Answer 71

Remove water and sodium from body Lasix furosemide check for possium loss

Question 72

Digoxin is what?

Answer 72

Positive inotropic agent~ reduces contraction used for heart failure Nurse note problem of halos Toxic watch therapeutic range