Environmental: Topic Five

Question 1

What is topic five?

Answer 1

Psychological effects of the build environment

Question 2

What did Ulrich research?

Answer 2

Whether the view through a window may influence recovery from surgery

Question 3

What was Ulrich’s aim?

Answer 3

To find out if the view from a hospital window would affect a patients recovery

Question 4

Describe the sample used in Ulrich’s research

Answer 4

46 patients, all of whom had undergone gall bladder surgery, aged 20-69 with no complications

Question 5

Where was the hospital?

Answer 5

Suburban pennsylvania

Question 6

Describe the composition of Ulrich’s sample

Answer 6

23 matched pairs (15 female and 8 male)

Question 7

From when and where were the records obtained from?

Answer 7

From 1972 and 1981 with assigned rooms on the 2nd and 3rd floor

Question 8

Describe the hospital rooms

Answer 8

All rooms were double occupancy and nearly identical with the only difference being the view from the window

Question 9

When in the year had the patients undergone the cholecystectomy?

Answer 9

Between 1st May and 20th September

Question 10

Under what criteria were the p’s matched?

Answer 10

Sex, Age (within 5 years), smoker/non-smoker, weight, nature of hospitalisation, year of surgery and colour of room

Question 11

Who gathered the information from the records?

Answer 11

Nurses

Question 12

What information was gathered from the records?

Answer 12

Length of hospitalisation, number and strength of analgesics each day, number and strength of dosage, minor complications and nurses notes

Question 13

How did the length of hospitalisation differ from wall view patients to tree view patients?

Answer 13

Tree view spent significantly less time in hospital (7.96 days vs 8.7 days)

Question 14

How did intake of analgesics differ from the patients?

Answer 14

Tree view took significantly less than wall view

Question 15

Describe the results in terms of positive and negative nurse notes for both patients

Answer 15

3.96 negative notes vs 1.13 negative notes

Question 16

In what aspect was there no significant difference between the groups of patients?

Answer 16

No significance between consumption of anti anxiety drugs or minor post operative complications

Question 17

What did Cohen look into?

Answer 17

Noise

Question 18

What did Cohen aim to investigate?

Answer 18

The effects of noise on reading ability

Question 19

Describe the sample used by Cohen

Answer 19

54 children (2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th grade)

Question 20

Outline the differing sound conditions on the different apartment floors

Answer 20

55dBs on 32nd floor

66dBs on 8th floor

Question 21

Where were the apartment blocks in Cohen’s study?

Answer 21

New York

Question 22

What did Cohen correlate the noise level readings with?

Answer 22

MAT results (metropolitan achievement tests)

Question 23

What did Cohen test?

Answer 23

Auditory discrimination

Question 24

Which words did Cohen test for auditory discrimination?

Answer 24

Gear and beer

Question 25

For how many children who had lived in the apartments for more than 4 years what was the correlation found?

Answer 25

There was a significant correlation between floor level and auditory discrimination

Question 26

What other significant correlations were found in Cohen's study?

Answer 26

Word knowledge, reading comprehension and reading total

Question 27

What did White look into?

Answer 27

Green spaces

Question 28

From how many people and when did White collect information?

Answer 28

From 10,000 people between 1991-2008

Question 29

What did White ask P's about?

Answer 29

Mental health, living condition, location and many more variables

Question 30

What did White find?

Answer 30

That those living in greener areas reported less mental distress and higher life satisfaction

Question 31

What do White's findings mean?

Answer 31

That our well being can be affected by the type of area we live in

Question 32

Newman and Pruitt Igoe demonstrates the idea of what?

Answer 32

Defensible space

Question 33

When and where was the Pruitt Igoe project built?

Answer 33

St Louis, Missouri in 1954

Question 34

How many people was the Pruitt Igoe supposed to house and what was it's aim?

Answer 34

12,000 people with an aim to provide space and security

Question 35

What did the Pruitt Igoe have that made it more safe?

Answer 35

It supposedly had many features that made it immune to crime

Question 36

When was the Pruitt Igoe demolished?

Answer 36

1972

Question 37

Why was the Pruitt Igoe demolished?

Answer 37

Because it had failed

Question 38

Which areas became 'havens for crime' and why?

Answer 38

The communal areas because the residents did not feel like they owned the space and therefore they became littered and damaged

Question 39

Describe the idea of 'defensible space'

Answer 39

That we take care of and defend space which we feel like we have ownership of

Question 40

What did Armitage look into?

Answer 40

Cul-de-sacs and footpaths

Question 41

What was Armitage's research question?

Answer 41

Does road layout have an impact on crime and therefore residents well being

Question 42

People living on what type of road experience less crime and why?

Answer 42

Cul-de-sacs experience less crime as it isn't as easy for burglars to get away

Question 43

What must cul-de-sacs not have to ensure safety?

Answer 43

'Leaky' footpaths

Question 44

Under what circumstances are footpaths okay to be included?

Answer 44

If they are short, direct, wide, overlooked, well lit and not running alongside properties