Enzymes

Question 1

What are enzymes?

Answer 1

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up metabolic reaction in living organisms

Question 2

How do enzymes affect it cells, systems and organisms?

Answer 2

It can affect the structure and function in the substrate

Question 3

What is the turnover number?

Answer 3

The number of reactions that an enzyme can catalyse per second

Question 4

What is the difference between enzymes and temperatures as catalysts?

Answer 4

Enzymes are more specific to a substrate, and doesn’t produce any unwanted profit and rarely makes mistake

Question 5

How are enzymes structured?

Answer 5

It is a protein with a tertiary structure and a specific active site that is complementary to its target

Question 6

How are enzymes made?

Answer 6

It is made by protein synthesis and can be affected if their are any mutations in the DNA

Question 7

How many amino acids is the active site?

Answer 7

It is 6 - 10 amino acids long that connect to the surface of the molecule

Question 8

Why is the active site specific?

Answer 8

They are very specific because they need to be complementary to a specific substrate

Question 9

What affects the enzymes shape and why?

Answer 9

An increased temperature and pH because when it increases the proteins tertiary structure so it isn’t complementary to its substrate

Question 10

What are intracellular enzymes?

Answer 10

Enzymes that are in the cell

Question 11

What do enzymes do in the cells?

Answer 11

Enzymes

Question 12

What is a catabolic reaction?

Answer 12

A reaction that break down big molecules into small molecules

Question 13

What is an anabolic reaction?

Answer 13

A reaction that build up small molecules into big molecules

Question 14

Give an example of where enzymes are used?

Answer 14

Photosynthesis and respiration

Question 15

What is catalase used for?

Answer 15

It is found in all cells and is used to break down H2O2 quickly that is made after many reactions

Question 16

What is a catalase’s structure?

Answer 16

It has 4 polypeptide chains and had an iron haem group

Question 17

What conditions does catalase need without an enzyme?

Answer 17

pH 7

450 degrees

Question 18

What conditions does catalase need with an enzyme?

Answer 18

pH 4 - 11

90 degrees

Question 19

What are extracellular enzymes?

Answer 19

Enzymes that are out of the cell

Question 20

What is an example of an extracellular enzymes?

Answer 20

They digest lipids, carbs and proteins in the small intestines

Question 21

What is amylase used for?

Answer 21

It digests polysaccharides into monosaccharides

Question 22

What is the lock and key theory?

Answer 22

The substrate only fits the enzyme because the active sites tertiary structure is complementary the substrate so it fits

Question 23

What happens as the enzyme and substrate as they bump into each other?

Answer 23

The enzymes and substrates have kinetic energy each have kinetic energy and move around and fit into each other

Question 24

What happens when the enzyme and substrate combine?

Answer 24

The form an enzyme - substrate complex

Question 25

What happens after the substrate changes with the enzyme?

Answer 25

The substrate is released and the enzyme can be reused for another reaction

Question 26

What is the induced fit hypothesis?

Answer 26

The substrate goes into the enzyme and changes it shape to fit around the substrate

Question 27

What happens to the active site in the induced fit hypothesis when a substrate enters?

Answer 27

The side chains change subtly after the binding to give it a more precise conformation to fit exactly

Question 28

How do enzymes reduce activation energy?

Answer 28

It brings the substrate closer and needs less energy and heat for the reaction to take place